Mock Questions

Question 1

What does the mean describe?

Answer 1

How data is concentrated

Question 2

What does standard deviation describe?

Answer 2

How data is separated

Question 3

How is the mean calculated?

Answer 3

Sum of all the samples / no. of samples

Question 4

How is SD calculated?

Answer 4

Square root of:
Sum of (x - mean) squared / n-1

Question 5

What shape is ND graph?

Answer 5

Bell curve

Question 6

Where is the mean on a ND graph?

Answer 6

Peak

Question 7

How much data is included in the ranges of mean +/- 1, 2 and 3 SD’s?

Answer 7

+/- 1 SD = 68%
+/- 2 SD = 95%
+/- 3 SD = 99%

Question 8

What forms can be inputted to SPSS?

Answer 8

txt
excel
input manually

Question 9

What are the 3 types of data?

Answer 9

Numerical
Nominal
Ordinal

Question 10

What is nominal data? Give an example

Answer 10

Categories without rank

e.g. gender, colour weekday, place

Question 11

What is ordinal data?

Answer 11

Categories with rank

e.g. pain, satisfaction, comfort

Question 12

What data characteristics can be shown using a histogram?

Answer 12

Frequency and distribution

Question 13

In SPSS, what can users do on variable view?

Answer 13

Define variable

Question 14

In SPSS, what can users do with data view?

Answer 14

Input and edit data

Question 15

What is the median?

Answer 15

Middle number when the data is ordered

Question 16

What does the crosstab function do?

Answer 16

Arranges 2 variables into a table

Can calculate hypothesis and chi square directly

Question 17

What is an error bar?

Answer 17

Mean with: SD, SEM or 95% CI

Question 18

When should an error bar be used compared to a box plot?

Answer 18

Error bar - when data is ND

Box plot - when data is not ND

Question 19

What is a box plot?

Answer 19

The median (50%)
Quartiles (25% and 75%)
Extreme values (min and max)

Question 20

What does a scatter/dot graph show?

Answer 20

Data trends/patterns between 2 variables

Question 21

How is SEM calculated?

Answer 21

SD / square root of n

Question 22

What does 95% CI mean?

Answer 22

Confidence that the range will include 95% of local mean

Question 23

When is the median more useful than the mean?

Answer 23

When the data is not normal distribution

Question 24

How is variance calculated?

Answer 24

The square of SD

Question 25

What is a pie/bar chart useful for showing?

Answer 25

Proportions and percentages in data

Question 26

In SPSS how what can data be exported as?

Answer 26

txt excel Word file HTML

Question 27

If p is LESS THAN 0.05 what does this mean?

Answer 27

SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE

Question 28

If p is GREATER THAN 0.05 what does this mean?

Answer 28

NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE

Question 29

What do * and ** mean?

Answer 29

* p <0.05 ** p 1,0.01 SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE

Question 30

When would you accept the null hypothesis?

Answer 30

If p < 0.05

Question 31

What are the key indices used in test of hypothesis?

Answer 31

Mean SD Sample size Significant level (p)

Question 32

What is the difference between dependent and independent data?

Answer 32

Independent - measurements done once for each individual | Dependent - samples taken two/multiple times for each individual

Question 33

What are the 3 indications to use an independent t test?

Answer 33

Normal distribution Numerical data Small sample size (big still ok)

Question 34

What test should be used for dependent data?

Answer 34

Paired t test

Question 35

What is an alternative if data is not suitable for t test?

Answer 35

ANOVA

Question 36

What result from ANOVA would indicate the need for a post-hoc test?

Answer 36

p < 0.05 to check which pair ARE SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT

Question 37

What assumption is made when using a Chi square?

Answer 37

All groups have the same chance (equal no. from each group)

Question 38

What test methods can be used for data that is not numerical or normal distribution?

Answer 38

Wilcoxon signed-ranked test | Mann-Whitney U test

Question 39

When is a Wilcoxon signed-ranked test used?

Answer 39

For non-numerical or normal distribution data that is related/paired/dependent

Question 40

When is Mann-Whitney U test used?

Answer 40

No requirements on data distribution Usually ordinal data Also scale if the data is not normal distribution

Question 41

What is the correlation coefficient used to quantify?

Answer 41

How variables are linearly correlated

Question 42

What results would be expected for correlation and what do they mean?

Answer 42

Value between -1 and 1 0 is the worst value for correlation Closer the value to 1 or -1 the more correlated

Question 43

When should linear regression be used?

Answer 43

If 2 variables have a significant linear correlation

Question 44

What is the purpose of linear regression?

Answer 44

To construct an equation to describe the relationship between the 2 variables

Question 45

What form does a linear regression equation follow?

Answer 45

y - b1 + b2x | y = mx + c

Question 46

What does b1 mean in a linear regression equation?

Answer 46

The intercept

Question 47

What does b2 indicate in a linear regression equation?

Answer 47

The gradient of the slope

Question 48

What is the purpose of survival analysis?

Answer 48

To analyse how a ratio of occured to inon-occured cases changes with time

Question 49

What is needed for survival analysis to work?

Answer 49

Large sample size

Question 50

What is the purpose of meta analysis?

Answer 50

To compare different opinions by analysing multi source data to find which is the favourite by most studies

Question 51

What is needed for meta analysis to work?

Answer 51

Data needs to be in similar format

Question 52

What does Ho state?

Answer 52

There is no significant difference between 2 groups