Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

chemistry ZS > mock rev - need to memorize > Flashcards

mock rev - need to memorize Flashcards

(78 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

equation linking moles, mass and Mr

A

moles = mass / Mr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

general formula for alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

general formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

colour and state of chlorine at room temp

A

yellow/green gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

colour and state of bromine at room temp

A

red/brown liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

colour and state of iodine at room temp

A

grey solid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

colour of bromine solution

A

orange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

colour of iodine solution

A

brown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

test for alkenes vs alkanes

A

bromine water reacts with alkenes, go from orange to colourless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

equation linking moles, concentration and volume

A

moles = conc x volume (dm3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

conversion between cm3 and dm3

A

1dm3 = 1000cm3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how to calculate moles of gas if volume is known

A

moles = vol (dm3) / 24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

define ionic bond

A

the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

define covalent bond

A

the electrostatic attraction between two nuclei and shared pair of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

define metallic bond

A

The electrostatic attraction between positive ions and a sea of delocalised electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what types of elements are ionically bonded

A

metals + non-metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what types of elements are covalently bonded

A

non-metal + non-metal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what types of elements are metalically bonded

A

metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how to do water of crystallisation questions

A

Step 1: Work out the mol of unhydrated salt
Step 2: Work out the mol of water (can figure out mass by mass lost)
Step 3: Find the mol ratio of unhydrated salt:water (tips: Divide the both number with smaller number)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

define homologous series

A

a family of molecules with similar chemical properties, the same general formula and the same functional group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

define hydrocarbon

A

an organic compound that contains carbon and hydrogen only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

define functional group

A

the group of atoms that control a compound’s chemical properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the reactants and products of catalytic cracking

A

long chain alkane –> alkene + shorter chain alkane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

catalysts used in cracking

A

silica or alumina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
temp range needed for cracking
600-700 C
26
when would u use 'electrostatic forces of attraction'
applies to all types of bonds, because they're all EFOA between something positive and negative
27
when would u use 'intermolecular forces of attraction'
only for simple covalent structures, they're the only ones with bonds within
28
when would u use 'forces of attraction'
only when talking abt graphite: layers slide over each other due to weak forces of attraction
29
test for ammonia
turns damp red litmus paper blue
30
test for chlorine
bleaches damp blue litmus paper
31
test for water
turns anhydrous copper sulphate from white to blue
32
colour of lithium flame test
crimson red
33
colour of sodium flame test
yellow
34
colour of calcium flame test
orange
35
colour of potassium flame test
lilac
36
colour of copper flame test
blue/green
37
what are alkanes used for
petrol
38
what are alkenes used for
plastics (polymers)
39
test for Cu2+ cation
Add sodium hydroxide solution - form blue precipitate
40
test for Fe2+ cation
Add sodium hydroxide solution - form green precipitate
41
test for Fe3+ cation
Add sodium hydroxide solution - form brown precipitate
42
test for chloride anion
Add acidified silver nitrate solution - white precipitate
43
test for bromide anion
Add acidified silver nitrate solution - cream precipitate
44
test for iodide anion
Add acidified silver nitrate solution - yellow precipitate
45
what is needed to oxidise alcohols into a carboxylic acid
acidified potassium dichromate and heat
46
two ways to produce ethanol
fermentation and the hydration of ethene
47
Conditions and catalyst for fermentation
30C, anaerobic conditions, catalysed by the enzymes in yeast
48
Conditions and catalyst for hydration of ethene
300C, 60-70 atm pressure, catalysed by phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
49
Advantages and disadvantages of producing ethanol via fermentation
+ renewable + doesn't have high energy costs - slow batch process - impure ethanol produced
50
Advantages and disadvantages of producing ethanol via hydration of ethene
+ quick as continuous flow of reactants passed over catalyst + produces pure ethanol - non-renewable reactants (from crude oil) - high energy costs
51
colour of copper carbonate
green
52
Uses for each fraction in fractional distillation (in order bottom to top)
Refinery gases - bottled gas Gasoline - car engines Kerosene - aircraft fuel Diesel - train fuel Fuel oil - fuel for ships Bitumen - road surfacing
53
Pneumonic for fractions (top to bottom)
Rich Girls Keep Driving Fast Bugattis
54
how to check if a reaction is complete
reheat and reweigh until weight remains constant
55
when do you use 'overcome the forces' and when do you use 'break the bonds'
'Overcome the forces' - for a physical change, like a change in state (melting, boiling or dissolving) 'Break the bonds' - for a chemical change (e.g, combustion or decomposition)
56
Number of carbon atoms for each fraction
Refinery gases: C₁ – C₄ Gasoline: C₅ – C₁₀ Kerosene: C₁₁ – C₁₅ Diesel: C₁₅ – C₁₉ Fuel oil: C₂₀ – C₃₀ Bitumen: > C₃₀
57
5 gases most commonly found in atmosphere (in order)
Nitrogen (78%) Oxygen (21%) Argon (0.9%) CO2 (0.04%) Water vapour (varies)
58
definition of a saturated compound
- contains only single bonds - can't undergo addition reactions
59
what is steel made of, what it's used for and why
- iron + carbon - hard and strong so used for car bodies
60
what is brass made of, what it's used for and why
- copper + zinc - corrosion resistant and malleable so used for musical instruments
61
what is bronze made of, what it's used for and why
- copper + tin - hard and corrosion resistant so used for statues
62
what is duralumin made of, what it's used for and why
- aluminium + copper + magnesium + manganese - lightweight and strong so used for airplane parts
63
reactants and products of addition reactants
usually alkenes + diatomic molecule (e.g, bromide molecule) Example: ethene + bromine --> dibromoethane (double bond breaks)
64
what does fractional distillation do
separate miscible liquids by boiling point
65
what does filtration do
separate an undissolved solid from a liquid
66
what does crystallisation do
separates dissolved solid from solution (by heating and forming crystals)
67
solvent vs solute
solvent is the substance that dissolves the solute to form a solution solute is the substance which dissolves
68
saturated solution definition
A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature.
69
how to calculate Rf
distance travelled by substance/ distance travelled by solvent front (always between 0 and 1)
70
general formula of alcohols
CnH2n+1OH
71
what is the colour change during the oxidation of alcohols
potassium dichromate goes from orange to green
72
what functional group do all carboxylic acids have
-COOH C double bonded to an O and single bond to an OH
73
reaction between carboxylic acids and metal carbonates
ethanoic acid + metal carbonate --> metal ethanoate (salt) + water + carbon dioxide (Note: in the formula for metal ethanoate, the metal goes at the end, and the ethanoate (CH3COO) has a 1- charge)
74
reaction between carboxylic acids and metals
ethanoic acid + metal --> metal ethanoate (salt) + hydrogen
75
how can carboxylic acids be made
oxidising alcohols ethanol + oxygen --> ethanoic acid + water
76
how are esters made (and with what catalyst)
reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, with an acid catalyst
77
methanol + propanoic acid -->
methyl propanoate + water the alcohol becomes the -yl bit, which is the bit after the sing bonded O, and the carboxylic acid becomes the -oate bit, which is the first part in the displayed form
78
properties and uses of esters
- volatile (evaporate easily) - sweet and fruity smells - food flavourings and perfumes

chemistry ZS (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions