MOD 1

Question 1

Defined as the activity of gaining knowledge or skill by studying

Answer 1

Learning

Question 2

process of knowledge presentation and also is an activity meant for student in order to change ones behavior

Answer 2

Teaching

Question 3

” thinking of one’s thinking”

-process used to plan , monitor and asses one’s understanding and performance

Answer 3

Metacognition

Question 4

Metacognition includes a critical awareness of:

Answer 4

One’s thinking and learning

Oneself as a thinker and learner

Question 5

• The ability to learn or understand or to deal with something new.
• predict success of training

Answer 5

Intelligence

Question 6

these were built on measures of memory, vocabulary, reasoning, and mathematics

Answer 6

IQ tests

Question 7

who introduced multiple intelligences?

Answer 7

Gardner (1992)

Question 8

It is the ability to take in info, store it, and recall it

Answer 8

Memory

Question 9

Stages of memory:

Answer 9

Encoding
Storage
Retrieval, recall, recognition

Question 10

Process of conversion of Short-term memory into long term; repetitive action of doing something

Answer 10

Rehearsal

Question 11

Types of memory:

Answer 11

• Sensory- impressions; 5 senses
• Short term- AKA working memory (20secs)
• Long term- carry it until grave- large capacity

Question 12

2 types of long term memomory:

Answer 12

Explicit or declarative- conscious recall

Implicit or procedural-unconscious recall

Question 13

2 subdivisions of explicit long term memory:

Answer 13

Semantic- Factual memory

Episodic- personal experiences

Question 14

a long term memory that is sometimes called muscle memory

Answer 14

Implicit or procedural

Question 15

Ability to take information learned in one situation and apply to another

Answer 15

Transfer

Question 16

Successful transfer depends on several transfers:

Answer 16

• material was originally learned
• retrieve info from memory
• material was taught and learned
• setting ; material was taught and learned
• similarity of new info to orig info

Question 17

Learning theories (ormrod,2016):

Answer 17

Behaviorism- tangible

Cognitivism- intangible

Question 18

• focused on observable change in behavior
• shaped from environment; external factors
• stimulus and response is shorter

Answer 18

Behaviorism

Question 19

Behaviorist Assumptions:

Answer 19

-Humans=Animals
-stimuli and response
-thoughts, motives, and emotions are unimportant
-learning should change bahavior
-organisms are born as blank slates; learning occurs post birth
-

Question 20

Founder of Principles of Classical Conditioning; and years.

Answer 20

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936

Question 21

a change in behavior in which you pair a bilogically potent stimulus to a previously neutral stimulus

Answer 21

Classical Conditioning

Question 22

Founder of trial and error of connectionism

Answer 22

Edward Lee Thorndlike (1874-1949)

Question 23

Laws under trial and error connectionism:

Answer 23

Law of Effect - goal oriented behavior increases and random decreases

Law of Exercise- repeated action of satisfying behavior; stronger connection of stimuls and response

Law of Readiness- motivating factor of learner

Question 24

Founder of law of Contiguity:

Answer 24

Edwin Ray Guthrie (1886-1959)

Question 25

a combination of stimuli which has an accompanied, a movement will on its recurrence tend to be followed by that movement; FOCUSING ON TIME

Answer 25

Law of contiguity

Question 26

Father of operant conditioning:

Answer 26

Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904-1990)

Question 27

a form of associative learning in which the strength of a behavior is based on the consequence, reinforcement, or punishment

Answer 27

Operant Conditioning

Question 28

2 forms of operant conditioning:

Answer 28

Respondent behavior | Operant Response

Question 29

behavior based on consequences

Answer 29

Operant response

Question 30

5 consequences in Operant Conditioning:

Answer 30

- positive reinforcement - Negative reinforcement - Positive punishment - Negative Punishment - Extinction

Question 31

AKA escape, a behavior is followed by the removal of aversive stimulus

Answer 31

Negative Reinforcement

Question 32

AKA punishment by contingent stimulation; occurs when a behavior is followed by a aversive stimulus

Answer 32

Positive Punishment

Question 33

AKA penalty, punishment by contingent withdrawal; occurs when a behavior is followed by the removal of stimulus

Answer 33

Negative Punishment

Question 34

the pairing of stimulus and response is already lost,

Answer 34

Extinction

Question 35

2 theories under behaviorism:

Answer 35

Stimulus response | Operant Conditioning

Question 36

AKA "cognitive psychology" | -how people perceive, interpret, and remember; internal processes

Answer 36

Cognitivism

Question 37

Cognitivist Assumptions:

Answer 37

- some learning is unique with humans and animals - humans are higher - mental activity - doesn't depend on behavioral change - Actively participate in learning practices - Knowledge is organized according to beliefs, attitudes, personality

Question 38

Founders of Gestalt Psych:

Answer 38

``` Max Wertheimer (1880-1943), Wolfgang Kohler (1887-1967) Kurt Koffka (1886-1941) Kurt lewin (1890-1947) ```

Question 39

AKA cognitive field view of learning, means configuration, pattern, the whole, or totality -focuses on mind's perceptive processes

Answer 39

Gestalt Psychology

Question 40

whole is greater than divided parts

Answer 40

Whole is irreducible

Question 41

viewing things as a whole and finding connections between the part of the whole

Answer 41

Gestalt Psychology

Question 42

Founder of contructivism

Answer 42

Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

Question 43

Thniking and learning are active processes Intellectual process involves over time Learning is transactional process Assimilation and Accomodation

Answer 43

Constructivism

Question 44

Applying new learning to own beliefs

Answer 44

Assimilation

Question 45

If the new learning doesn't match with your own beliefs,

Answer 45

Accomodation

Question 46

3 accomodation processes:

Answer 46

- Accept the new info then trash the old - Change frame of preference - can't accomodate

Question 47

Human minds operates like a computer

Answer 47

Information Processing

Question 48

Founder of steps under info processing

Answer 48

Slavin 2015

Question 49

3 steps under information processing:

Answer 49

- Sensory Registry - Working memory - Long-term memory

Question 50

Founder of Social Cognitivism

Answer 50

Albert Bandura (60s-70s)

Question 51

pro active, neither driven by external forces; rather, they are creative, active participants in shaping their lives

Answer 51

Social Cognitive

Question 52

main principle of Social Cognitivism

Answer 52

We learn from other's succeses and failures

Question 53

Guiding principles of Social cognitive:

Answer 53

- learn from models - may or may not result a change in behavior - actively exerting control over actions and environments

Question 54

anyhing that conveys meaning or info:

Answer 54

MODEL

Question 55

Bandura's Observational Learning phases:

Answer 55

- Attention - Retention - Reproduction - Motivation

Question 56

fully notcing the actions of the model

Answer 56

Attention

Question 57

opportunity to try to imitate the model

Answer 57

Retention

Question 58

reproducing what the model is doing

Answer 58

Reproductio