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FOUN 121O SCIENCE MEDICINE AND TECHNOLOGY > MOD 1 ENERGY > Flashcards

MOD 1 ENERGY Flashcards

1
Q

What is energy?

A

Energy is the ability of a system or object to do work on another system or object

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2
Q

How is work done?

A

Work is done when force causes a stationary body to move or a moving object to come to a halt. (push or pull) Work done= change in energy

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3
Q

What is the formula for work/how is it measured?

A

Work= force by distance moved and it is measured in joules

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4
Q

What is the energy principle?

A

The Law of the Conservation of Energy states that energy is neither created nor destroyed but can only be changed from one form to another.

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5
Q

What is an atom?

A

An atom is the SMALLEST unit into which matter can be DIVIDED without the RELEASE of electrically charged particles.

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6
Q

What is nuclear fusion?

A

A thermonuclear reaction (occurs at high temperatures) in which the nuclei of two lighter atoms join to form a larger nucleus of a heavier atom. E.g. fusion of hydrogen atoms in the sun. Two hydrogen nuclei come together to form one hydrogen nucleus that releases a tremendous amount of energy that is enough to power the sun and provides warmth to the earth.

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7
Q

What is nuclear fission? Give an example

A

Nuclear fission is the splitting of atomic nuclei into two or more lighter atoms accompanied by the release of energy. One way nuclear fission is used is to generate electrical energy to power nuclear plants.

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8
Q

What is kinetic energy? Give examples

A

Energy possessed by an object due to its motion- mass and movement. All moving objects have kinetic energy. The heavier an object is, the faster it will move therefore the more kinetic energy it has. Egs. arrow released from a bow, person walking, object rolling down a hill, a swinging pendulum, etc.

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9
Q

What is potential energy?
Give examples

A

Mechanical or stored energy from an object that comes from factors such as its position relative to others, internal stress, electric charge, condition NOT MOTION. Egs. drawn arrow, a stretched rubberband, dynamite.

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10
Q

Are both forms of energy (kinetic and potential) interchangeable?

A

Yes, because according to the law of the conservation of energy, energy can neither be created nor destroyed but only changed from one form to another. As such, potential energy can be converted to kinetic energy and vice versa. Eg. A drawn bow, potential energy, is converted to kinetic energy upon release.

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11
Q

What are the secondary types/ forms of energy?

A

Chemical
Nuclear
Sound
Electrical
Heat
Light
Magnetic

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12
Q

What are the sources of energy?

A

Renewable and Non-renewable

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13
Q

What is renewable energy?

A

An energy source that is a natural resource that is infinite and not depleted with use- a source that is abundant and continuously replenished by nature.
It is sustainable

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14
Q

What is non-renewable energy?

A

Energy source that has a finite supply and cannot be replenished quickly or in other words it will eventually run out.

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15
Q

What are some alternative names for renewable energy?

A

Clean energy
Green sustainable energy
Alternative energy

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16
Q

Why use renewable energy? (9 reasons)

A
  1. Reduces reliance on fossil fuels or imported gas/fuels
  2. Reduces the amount of GHGs in the atmosphere which can help reverse global warming and climate change
  3. It is more sustainable as it complies with the triple bottom line- social, environmental, and economic
  4. Unlimited supply of renewable sources unlikely to run out
  5. Creates new employment opportunities and other economic benefits
  6. Cheaper in the long run after initial installation of equipment
  7. No air or water pollution
  8. Low environmental impact as it releases no GHGS (mainly carbon) into the atmosphere
  9. Promotes energy security-keeps energy prices stable as sources are available in large quantities.
17
Q

What are some examples of renewable energy?

A
  1. Solar- All Caribbean islands. Two types of solar energy- direct solar heat (water heaters, solar stills (desalination) and crop dryers) and indirect solar heat- converting sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic/solar panels
  2. Wind- wind turbines and farms. Eg. Wigton Windfarm, Jamaica.
    3.Hydropower/electricity- energy harnessed from the force of moving water which is then converted to electricity. EG. Maggoty hydroelectric plant in Jamaica
  3. Biomass/biofuels- organic materials from plants and animals used to create energy. + sun = fermentation = energy
  4. Wave energy-
  5. Tidal energy-power produced by a surge in ocean water due to the rise and fall of the tides.
  6. Geothermal energy- heat from the earth’s core, geysers & volcanic islands -
    Monserrat, Dominica, St Lucia, St Vincent
    8.OTEC Ocean Thermal Conversion Energy- Uses the temperature difference ocean surface water and deep water to generate electricity.
18
Q

What are examples of nonrenewable energy

A
  1. Coal/Peat- - plant remains subjected to high temperatures and pressure over millions of years - highest levels of carbon.
  2. Crude Oil- Fossil fuel formed from the decomposition of the remains of tiny marine animals and plants which are then subject to high temperatures and pressure with added stored energy from the sun. Crude oil can be refined to create petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel, Liquid petroleum gas (LPG), kerosine and jet fuel.
  3. Natural Gas- Mainly methane and other gaseous hydrocarbons used for driving, heating, cooking. E.g. Compressed natural gas (CNG)
    4.Nuclear Energy- - nuclear fusion - nuclei fused together and nuclear fission - nuclei split apart - resulting in an electrical explosion.
19
Q

What are the disadvantages of using renewable energy?

A
  1. Requires a large amount of space
  2. expensive installation
  3. Geographical restrictions- Solar is best suited for sunny regions e.g. the Caribbean, wind turbines need consistent wind flow and hydropower works best near rivers and waterfalls
  4. Vulnerable to weather and other climate events
  5. Limited supply of energy
20
Q

Benefits of using non-renewable energy?

A
  1. Can be found in large amts due to its concentration
  2. Reliable energy source
  3. Widely available and affordable
  4. Facilities can be built anywhere
  5. NO radioactive waste
21
Q

non renewable energy cons

A

*Can produce acid rain weather and other climate events, for example global warming.
 Produces greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change.
 Non-renewable, hence once gone it cannot be replaced or revitalized.
 Pollution grows greater through the by-products that they leave behind and mining of nonrenewable energy is causing damage to our environment.
 Will eventually run out.

22
Q

Differences between renewable and non-renewable energy?

A

RE present in atmosphere NRE is found underground
RE is very cheap in nature whilst NRE is expensive to procure
RE replenished by nature in a short period of time whilst NRE cannot be replaced by nature
RE abundant in nature whilst NRE is scarce
RE does not affect the environment negatively whilst NRE does
RE promotes a healthy balance in nature whilst NRE disrupts nature through things such as coal mining

23
Q

Concerns & challenges for fossil fuel usage in the Caribbean

A

o High reliance on fossil fuels and gas imports
o High cost of energy
o Low competitiveness when compared to countries outside the Caribbean.
o Energy security issues
o High inefficiencies and energy losses during transmission
o Energy consumption has been growing, putting further pressure on total energy
bills.
o Regular global climate emergencies
o Zero carbon initiatives

24
Q

what is energy mostly used for in the Caribbean and SIDS

A

TOURISM
Accommodation - Hotels - cooling (ACs, fans), lighting, laundry (washing & ironing),
cleaning, kitchen (cooking & refrigeration), water heating, recreation &
entertainment.
Food & drink - high transport cost for import, delivery, storage, preparation & disposal
Transportation – high non-renewable energy cost for air, sea & ground transportation,
to and from location & island -land & sea tours.

25
Q

Energy conservation measures for the hotel/tourism industry

A

Invest in energy saving devices for lighting, cooling & entertainment, and
appliances (cooking & refrigeration)
* Use photo electric switches and controls in guest rooms.
* Use alternative energy (renewable energy) e.g., solar/ wind for power supply for water heaters & lighting.
* Introduce an energy conservation policy for guests e.g., less frequent laundering of towels and bed linens & less transportation (introduce more biking & hiking
activities)

26
Q

Ways to reduce carbon emissions

A

Practice 3Rs – Reduce, Recycle, Reuse.
A Richardson FOUN 1210 - UWI
2. Reduce energy consumption & wastage by using green technologies. E.g. electric
cars, vehicles & batteries, solar panels, and wind turbines
3. Introduce Energy efficiency methods – Energy efficiency - using technology that
requires less energy to perform the same functions e.g., using light emitting diode
(LED) versus incandescent light bulbs or energy efficient appliances in the kitchen &
laundry.
4. Practice Energy conservation – Energy conservation - any behavior that results in the
use of less energy e.g., automatic turn off for lights when guests leave a room or less
laundry services.
5. Reforestation of the planet – replanting trees among the built environments.
6. Use Alternative energy sources - renewable sources.
7. Culture & social change re: energy usage and practices.

27
Q

Energy (Carbon reduction) – New & Emerging Management Strategies

A
  1. Net carbon metering and tariffs
  2. Carbon Trading Taxes between energy producing and highly industrialized countries.
  3. Introduction of Carbon sequestration &Carbon capture technologies – processes
    employed to capture & store atmospheric carbon dioxide.
  4. Developing Carbon neutral industries
  5. Introducing Carbon net zero initiatives by 2030.
  6. Apply Co-generation initiatives between industries & companies.
  7. Generation and use of hydrogen fuels – grey, blue & green technologies

FOUN 121O SCIENCE MEDICINE AND TECHNOLOGY (6 decks)

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