Mod 1 - looking for presence of plant pests Flashcards
Intro to surveillance Types of surveillance Planning surveys Conducting surveys Surveillance for pest freedom (11 cards)
What is surveillance? Why is it important?
- An activity involving the close observation of plant pests and their data
- Its important for info on the presence or absence of a plant pest population e.g. increases, changes in location etc.
What are some examples of different forms of surveillance in plant BS?
- visual inspection of crops
- soil and water testing
- post-harvest inspection
- trapping
List 3 reasons why surveillance may be conducted in relation to internation obligations.
- Declaring a pest status/pest freedom
- Early detection of pests - pre/post border surveillance is important for eradication
- Pest management - how far wide spread? Control or eradicate?
Who is responsible for internation plant BS guidelines?
IPPC = International Plant Protection Convention
- Its an int. treaty and source of guidelines siming to stop the introduction of plant pest and promote measures for control.
What are the 3 types of specific surveys?
- Detection - determning if a particular pest is present or confirming PFA
- Monitoring - surveys on established pest pops looking at their characterisics e.g. prevalence
- Delimiting - used to determine the extent of a pest population in a particuar area.
What are the two different designs of specific surveys? Whats the difference?
- Representative surveys - random sampling, meant to be an accurate overview of the pest in a paricular area. Allows for generalisations.
- Targeted surveys - deliberately sampling for the pest, looking in areas you know they will be instead of randomly. Not for generalisation.
What are some general factors to consider when planning a survey?
- Purpose = aim, what tyype of survey
- Scope = how big? what area/pest?
- Equipment = survey type, need to tailor to the pest
- Site and timing selection - how will these impact the pest you’re looking for
- Samples sizes = how many are needed? Depends on survey
- Data/specimen storage
What are some BS specific measures to consider when planning a survey?
- Footbaths
- washdown facilities - machinery/vehicles
- PPE
- Vehicles - keep them off properties as much as possible
- Securing samples - double bagging, good quality containers.
- Disinfecting equipment - using appropirate disinfectant for pest.
How would you determine a sample size for a survey? Which ISPM is relevant?
- using a formula or an online tool
- monitoring surveys = use the Z statistic of normal distribution to estimate a a proportion and the confidence intervals around it. - varies with pop size
- Detection/delimiting = simple formulae.
- ISPM 31 - Methodologies for samlpling of consignments.
Why do we need to demonstrate pest freedom?
- for internation trade agreements - allows trade without fear of pests being introduced, more favourable for us.
- phytosanitary tool - no pests = don’t have to implement $$$ management strategies.
How are PFAs declared?
- detection and delimiting surveys
- Must be based on scientific evidence w/ high confidence.
- Theya ls need to be carefully monitored to uphold status
