Mod 1 Quiz 2: Biomolecules

Question 1

What is an Organic Substance

Answer 1

A substance that contains C-C bonds/ C-H Bonds (e.g. C6H12O6/ Glucose)

Question 2

What is an inorganic substance

Answer 2

no C-C or C-H bonds (e.g. H2O)

Question 3

What are the 6 molecules that are essential to life

Answer 3

C - Carbon
H - Hydrogen
O - Oxygen
N - Nitrogen
S - Sulfur
P - Phosphorus

Question 4

What is special about the 6 essential molecules (Hint: Think Water Cycle)

Answer 4

They all cycle through various parts of the earth

Question 5

Monomers

Answer 5

Small building blocks for polymers

Question 6

Polymer

Answer 6

Larger molecule made of multiple monomers; monomers are repeating units

Question 7

Macromolecules

Answer 7

large molecules (polymers)

Question 8

what are the 4 macromolecules?

Answer 8

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids

Question 9

Condensation Reaction

Answer 9

covalent bonds form and water is released. Puts smaller molecules together to make larger molecules

Question 10

Hydrolysis Reaction

Answer 10

Water is consumed and covalent bonds break. Breaking larger reactant down into smaller products.
Water is a reactant and the smaller molecules are the products.

Question 11

The building blocks for carbohydrates?

Answer 11

Polysaccharide

Question 12

The building blocks for polysaccharides?

Answer 12

monosaccharides

Question 13

Tryglyceride

Answer 13

1 glycerol + 3 fatty Acids

Question 14

Saturated Fats

Answer 14

Carbon has max number of single bonds with hydrogen. studies show they are not as healthy for you. Solid at room temp.

Question 15

Unsaturated Fats

Answer 15

There is at least one double bond between two carbons. Liquid at room temp

Question 16

Trans Fats

Answer 16

unsaturated fats that have been chemically altered to be solid at room temperature (aka hydrogenated oils) (worse for humans than saturated fats)

Question 17

Amphiphatic

Answer 17

A molecules that has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts

Question 18

Phospholipid

Answer 18

modified tryglyceride with a phosphate instead of one of the fatty acids. main component of the cell membrane. Amphiphatic

Question 19

In an amino acid, what 4 things stick off of a carbon.

Answer 19

1. Amino Group (NH2)
2. Carboxyl Group (COOH)
3. Hydrogen
4. R Group (determines type of amino acid)

Question 20

Peptide Bonds

Answer 20

• bonds between amino acids
• special kind of covalent bond
• form between Carboxyl Group (COOH) and Amino group (NH2)

Question 21

Polypeptide

Answer 21

• a chain of amino acids
• only used for levels 1 and 2 of protein structure

Question 22

Protein

Answer 22

• 1 or more polypeptides that have a certain structure and function
• only called protein at levels 3 and 4

Question 23

Disulfide Bonds

Answer 23

• Bonds that can form at the tertiary level of protein structure.
• bonds between 2 ‘R’ groups that contain sulfur

Question 24

Disaccharide

Answer 24

2 monosaccharides bound

Question 25

Denaturation

Answer 25

Changes caused to the proteins structure that make it no longer function.

Causes:
Heat (very specific temp range for proteins)
pH (outside of optimal range for proteins)

Question 26

What’s another word for Condensation reactions

Answer 26

dehydration synthesis

Question 27

What’s another word for trans fat

Answer 27

hydrogenated oils