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DRRR > Mod 11 > Flashcards

Mod 11 Flashcards

1
Q

any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through Earth’s rocks

A

Earthquake

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2
Q

The sudden release of energy causes the ________

A

Seismic Waves

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3
Q

frequency, type, and size of the earthquakes experienced over a period of time.

A

Seismic Activity

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4
Q

The outermost layer of the earth is broken into pieces. These pieces called ______are moving away or toward each other

A

Plates

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5
Q

the point on fault where ruptures occur

A

Focus

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6
Q

the point on the earth’s surface that is directly above the focus

A

Epicenter

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7
Q

2 TYPES OF NATURAL EARTHQUAKES

A

Tectonic
Volcanic

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8
Q

earthquakes are produced by sudden movement along faults and plate boundaries.

A

Tectonic

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9
Q

2 WAYS OF DESCRIBING THE STRENGTH OF AN EARTHQUAKE

A

Magnitude
Intensity

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10
Q

proportional to the energy released by an earthquake at the focus

A

Magnitude

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11
Q

Magnitude is calculated by an instrument called _________. Measured by __________

A

Seismograph
Richter Scale

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12
Q

a qualitative measure of the actual shaking at a location during an earthquake.

A

Intensity

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13
Q

The effect of an earthquake may be classified as

A

Primary
Secondary

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14
Q

permanent features an earthquake can bring out.

A

Primary Effects

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15
Q

happen when ground movement results in other types of destruction.

A

Secondary Effects

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16
Q

6 EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS

A

GROUND SHAKING/GROUND MOTION
GROUND SURFACE RUPTURE
LANDSLIDES
TSUNAMI
LIQUEFACTION
FIRES

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17
Q

disruptive up and down and sideways vibration of the ground produced by waves

A

GROUND SHAKING/GROUND MOTION

18
Q

Classification of faults (3)

A

Normal
Reverse
Strike Slip

19
Q

fault in which the block above the fault has moved downward relative to the block below.

A

Normal

20
Q

fault in which the upper block, above the fault plane, moves up and over the lower block.

A

Reverse

21
Q

fractures where the blocks have mostly moved horizontally. It has RIGHT LATERAL and LEFT LATERAL.

A

Strike Slip

22
Q

Body Waves (2)

A

P waves
S Waves

23
Q

also called longitudinal waves or compressional waves due to particle compression.

A

P waves

24
Q

type of seismic waves where rock particles vibrate at right angles to the direction of wave travel.

A

S waves

25
Q

Surface waves (2)

A

Ray leigh
Love

26
Q

also known as ground roll, spread through the ground as ripples, similar to rolling waves in the ocean

A

Ray Leigh

27
Q

a seismic surface wave led tot he horizontal shifting of the earth

A

Love Waves

28
Q

How Ground Shaking is measured?

A

Velocity
Acceleration
Frequency content shaking
Duration

29
Q

deformation on the ground that marks in intersection of the fault with the earth’s surface.

A

GROUND SURFACE RUPTURE

30
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUND RUPTURE

A

Length
Width

31
Q

it depends on the magnitude of an earthquake.

A

Length

31
Q

the deformation along the length of the ground rupture also largely depends on the type of faulting

A

width

32
Q

TYPES OF GROUND RUPTURE

A

Vertical Displacement
Horizontal Movement

32
Q

occurs when one side of the ground goes up or down, or both sides moves with one side going up and the other going down

A

Vertical Displacement

32
Q

happens when there is lateral movement from side to side, one goes to the left or right, or both moves sideways in different direction

A

Horizontal Movement

33
Q

can have particularly devastating effects like floods, blocking of rivers, death, and damage to land and natural resources

A

Landslides

33
Q

7 Causes of Landslide

A

Removal of support
Groundwater pressure
Volcanic eruption
Intense rainfall
Snowmelt
Human intervention
Earthquake

34
Q

huge sea waves triggered by a violent displacement of the ocean floor.

A

Tsunami

35
Q

loosely packed, water-saturated soil becoming liquid due to earthquake motions. Soil with decreased density.

A

Liquefaction

36
Q

caused by broken gas and electrical lines, severed fuel lines, and overturned stoves.

A

Fires

37
Q

Most commonly used methods of reducing earthquake risks:

A

Effective recording and interpretation of ground motion.
Constructing seismic hazard maps.
Developing resistant structures.

DRRR (2 decks)

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