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NUR 106 > Mod 2 > Flashcards

Mod 2 Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

What does blood transport?

A

Nutrients and O2

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2
Q

How long does it take for a drop of blood to reach the heart again?

A

20 to 60 seconds

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3
Q

What is the mesh called that holds platelets together?

A

Fibrin

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4
Q

What is fibrin?

A

A protein that acts as a mesh and holds platelets together so they can clot.

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5
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Balance, this is why blood clots so the body can prevent bleeding and stay balanced.

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6
Q

What is aggregation?

A

Joining together of platelets

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7
Q

What is needed to convert fibrinagin to fibrin?

A

Prothrombin

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8
Q

What is the sequence for prothrombin?

A

Prothrombin to thrombin to fibrinagin to fibrin which is the mesh that holds platelets together to prevent bleeding.

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9
Q

What percentage of plasma is water?

A

92%

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10
Q

What does plasma contain?

A

Albumin
Clotting agents
Proteins

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11
Q

What three things could affect how a person clots?

A

of platelets

Prothrombin to fibrin cascade

If platelets aren’t sticky enough

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12
Q

What is a pulmonary embolus?

A

A clot that has moved from somewhere in the body to the lungs.

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13
Q

What do clots do?

A

Occlude blood flow

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14
Q

How many platelets are there per cubic centimeter?

A

150,000-400,000

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15
Q

What is the number of platelets that will extend clotting time?

A

Less than 150,000

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16
Q

What is the number of platelets that will decrease clotting time?

A

400,000

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17
Q

If you already have a blood clot, will a blood thinner do anything to remove the clot?

A

No!! But it will prevent a clot from getting bigger!

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18
Q

What is the MOA of blood thinners?

A

Only PREVENT, they do not busy up a clot.

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19
Q

How are blood thinners administered?

A

PO SUB-q, IV

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20
Q

Which vitamin will act as a clotting agent?

A

Vitamin K, patients on blood thinners should eat low K diet, green leafy vegetables

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21
Q

Drawing a CBC will give the platelet count, true or false?

A

True

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22
Q

What is the range for PT?

A

12-13 seconds, no more than 15

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23
Q

What is the abnormal time for PT?

A

15 seconds

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24
Q

What Is the normal range for INR?

A

.8-1.2

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25
What is ACT?
Time it takes for whole blood to clot
26
What is the normal range for ACT?
80-160 seconds
27
What does ACT stand for?
Activated coagulation time
28
What is INR range for a person on Coumadin or warfarin?
2-3 seconds
29
How much blood is in the body? Pints? Liters?
12 pints or 5 1/2 Liters
30
How does blood clot?
Protein and platelets bind together to form a clot over injury
31
What is thick blood?
Hypercoagulability-increased tendency for clotting of blood
32
What are the causes of thick blood?
Hereditary, lupus, sickle cell, diabetes, stasis
33
What are the diagnostics for thick blood?
Platelets counts and bleeding times, they would be high for platelets and bleeding time would be reduced
34
What is the treatment for hypercoagulability?
Blood thinners
35
What does an anticoagulant do?
Prevents coagulation (clotting) of blood
36
What does an antiplatelet do?
Decreases platelet aggregation and prevents clot formation
37
How can blood thinners be given?
Po, sub q, and IV
38
What do blood thinners do?
Prevent clots, they do not bust them up.
39
What are the contraindications for blood thinners?
``` Bleeding disorders Food interactions -Vitamin K Intracranial bleeding Med interactions-thrombolytics, NSAIDS Active bleeding ``` GI ulcers Procedures (dental,surgery)
40
Name the antiplatelets
Clopidogrel Aspirin Dipyridamole and aspirin
41
What do the antiplatelets protect against?
Heart attack and stroke
42
Name the anticoagulants
Heparin sodium LMWH, low molecular weight heparin Warfarin (Coumadin)
43
Name the new anticoagulants
Dabigatran etexilate Rivaroxaban Apixaban
44
What drug is indicated for thromboembolic disorders?
Heparin
45
How is heparin administered?
IV and sub q
46
What labs are required for a patient on heparin?
aPTT, platelet count
47
What are the indications for warfarin?
Thromboembolic disorders, MI, valve replacement
48
What is administration of warfarin?
PO which is most common or IV
49
What labs are needed for a patient on warfarin?
PT/INR
50
What is indication for clopidogrel?
Reduction of atherosclerotic events
51
What is administration of clopidogrel?
PO
52
What labs are needed for patient on clopidogrel?
Bleeding time, platelet count
53
What is indication for aspirin?
Prevention of TIA and MI
54
What labs are needed for patients taking aspirin?
Bleeding time and platelet count
55
What is indication for aspirin/dipyridomole?
Reduction of atherosclerotic events
56
What labs are needed for a patient taking aspirin/dipyridomole?
Bleeding time:platelet count
57
What is indication for rivaroxaban?
Prevention of thromboembolic events/A-fib
58
What is indication for apixaban?
Prevention of thromboembolic events/A-fib
59
What is indication for dabigatran?
Prevention of thromboembolic events/A-fib
60
What labs are needed for rivaroxaban, apixaban, and dabigatran?
None
61
What does aPTT measure?
Time it takes for blood to clot
62
What is normal range for aPTT?
30-50 seconds
63
If your aPTT is very high what might this mean?
A bleed because blood is not clotting
64
If a person has a 120 second aPTT this means too much heparin has been given. What is the antidote?
Protamine sulfate
65
If a person is taking heparin and their aPTT is at 15 seconds, blood is still too thick. This is an indication the patient needs more what?
Heparin

NUR 106 (6 decks)

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