Syringes Flashcards
(186 cards)
1
Q
What is the max recommended fluid volume for subcutaneous injections at a single site?
A
.5-1 mL
2
Q
What is the max recommended fluid volume for intramuscular injections at a single site?
A
Up to 3 mL
3
Q
What is the max recommended fluid volume for intravenous injections?
A
1-60 mL
4
Q
What is the max recommended fluid volume for intradermal skin tests?
A
.1 mL
5
Q
What is normal blood glucose range?
A
70-120 mg/dL
6
Q
What are the two symptoms of diabetes that ads the same for hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia?
A
Headache/blurred vision
7
Q
For how long does an A1C give a picture of glucose control?
A
6 months
8
Q
What are the typical orders for FSBS
A
4 times a day- AC, ACHS, Q6hrs
9
Q
What do the oral diabetic agents do?
A
Decrease hepatic glucose production
Decrease intestinal absorption
Increase sensitivity
10
Q
Name the 3 sufonylureas?
A
glipizide
glyburide
glimepride
11
Q
What drug is a biguanide?
A
Metformin
12
Q
Which drug is a DPP-4 inhibitor?
A
sitagliptin
13
Q
What are the precautions for sulfonylureas?
A
Sulfonamide allergy
Type 1 diabetes
Geriatrics
Altered liver and kidney function
14
Q
What are the precautions for biguanide?
A
ETOH use
Altered liver and kidney function
Radiology contrast dye
Geriatrics
15
Q
What is number one reason patients are non-compliant on metformin?
A
Diarrhea
16
Q
Which oral diabetic medication does not cause hypoglycemia?
A
Metformin
17
Q
What are the side effects for metformin?
A
Bloating Diarrhea Nausea Vomiting Metallic taste Lactic acidosis
18
Q
Which drug should you absolutely not take if drinking alcohol?
A
Metformin
19
Q
What are extra nursing implications for metformin?
A
Radiology study implications
Give with meals (GI)
Normal ones-pt education & monitor blood glucose
20
Q
What are precautions for DPP-4 inhibitor?
A
Pancreatitis
Impaired renal function
21
Q
What are some factors that influence drug action?
A
Age Weight Sex Pregnancy Genetics Environment Route of administration Fluids/Diet Psychological factors
22
Q
What are the 5 rights of medication administration?
A
Right patient Right medication Right Dose Right time Right route
23
Q
What is the first line of defense for infection?
A
Skin Micro villi Stomach acid Mucous membranes Flora
24
Q
What is the body’s second line of defense for infection?
A
WBC
Specific immunity
Vaccines
Previous exposure
25
Can you change the response of the body's first line of defense to infection?
No
26
What color do you expect on skin that is experiencing an immune response to a microorganism?
Red
27
What color do you expect that indicates a sign of infection?
Green/yellow
28
What does a bactericidal agent do?
Kills the microorganism now!
29
What does a bacteriostatic agent do?
Stop microorganisms from growing
30
What is a superbug?
Genetically altered bacteria
31
What is the number one cause of superbugs?
Overuse of antibiotics
32
Name 5 superbugs
```
MRSA
VRE
C. Diff
Pseudomonas
Enterobacter
```
33
What is the WBC that indicates infection?
Greater than 10,000
34
What class of drug is levofloxacin?
Fluoroquinolones
35
Is levofloxacin broad spectrum?
Yes
36
What is the administration of levofloxacin?
PO and IV
37
What are the considerations for levofloxacin?
Cardiac
| Need CrCl & BUN Labs
38
What should not be taken with levofloxacin?
Iron and antacids
39
What do you have to monitor for with levofloxacin?
Level of conciousness
This drug increases intra-cranial pressure
40
What type of antibiotic is linezolod?
Broad spectrum
41
What is levofloxacin used to treat?
Urinary infection
Respiratory infection
Skin infections
Post exposure to anthrax
42
What is linezolid used to treat?
Bactericidal for strep
| Bacteriostatic for staph a a enterococci
43
What is the excretion of linezolid?
Hepatic metabolism, renal excretion
44
What should you avoid in your diet if you are taking linezolid?
Tyamine (fish, sodas)
45
What is the administration for linezolid?
PO and IV
46
What should you monitor when taking linezolid?
Vision and stools
47
When should you notify the doctor if patient is taking linezolid?
Excessive bleeding or blurred vision
48
What type of antibiotic is linezolid?
Broad spectrum
49
What is one of the major side effects of linezolid?
Thrombocytopenia (low platelets)
50
If patient eats a lot of tyramine and takes linezolid, what happens?
Causes HBP
51
What type of antibiotic is amoxicillin?
Penicillin based broad spectrum
52
What is administration of amoxicillin?
PO only
53
What is amoxicillin used to treat?
Skin, eat, sinuses, respiratory, urinary, post exposure anthrax
54
Which antibiotic is safe in pregnancy?
Amoxicillin and ceftriaxone
55
What does amoxicillin increase the effects of?
Warfarin, could cause bleeding
56
What are the interactions with amoxicillin?
Contraceptives, warfarin, allopurinol
57
What should you monitor if patient taking amoxicillin?
Stools
58
Which antibiotic would you not give if patient is allergic to penicillin?
ceftriaxone
Amoxicillin
Piperacillin
59
What type of antibiotic is ceftriaxone?
Cephalosporin
60
What is ceftriaxone used to treat?
Skin, urinary, GYN, respiratory, meningitis, bone/joint, ear, sepsis, Lyme, abdomen
61
What is metabolism and excretion of ceftriaxone?
Renal for both
62
What is administration of ceftriaxone?
IM and IV
63
What is one of the drugs ceftriaxone interacts with?
Probenecid---causes an increase in ceftriaxone and toxic side effects
64
Which antibiotic is given during surgery to prevent infection?
Ceftriaxone
65
What kind of antibiotic is piperacillin?
Extended spectrum
66
What is piperacillin used to treat?
Appendicitis, peritonitis, skin, GYN, pneumonia
67
How is piperacillin administered?
IV only
68
What are the drug interactions with piperacillin?
Probenecid, lithium, diuretics, corticosteroids
69
If patient experiences chest pain and has had piperacillin, what else should you ask if they are taking?
Diuretics
70
What type of antibiotic is vancomycin?
Broad spectrum
71
What is vancomycin used to treat?
Endocarditis, meningitis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, sepsis, PCN ALLERGY, enterocolitis, and c diff
72
What must be monitored when giving IV vanc?
The IV site because it burns and hurts and site must be clear.
73
What does PO vanc only work for?
GI BUGS
74
What is the excretion for vanc?
Renal and hepatic
75
What do you do before you give next dose of vanc?
Check blood levels, vanc has a narrow therapeutic range
76
What are the peaks and troughs for vanc?
25-40 mcg/mL peak
5-10 mcg/mL trough
77
What is the inflammation of abdomen called when patient is taking antibiotics?
Pseudo membranous colitis
78
What does pseudomembraneous colitis cause?
Cramping and bloody stools
79
What are keys to antibiotic success?
```
Complete regime
Don't share prescriptions
Take as directed
Monitor for allergic reaction
Monitor bowel function
Increase fluid intake
Avoid excessive use
Monitor for signs of superinfection
Monitor for signs of Steven johnsons disease
```
80
What happens when a patient is allergic to antibiotics?
Allergic reactions begin with a rash
81
Superinfections occur when using what type of antibiotic?
Broad spectrum or extended spectrum
82
Which type of diabetic is not insulin Dependent?
Type 2
83
What is the normal blood glucose range?
70-120 mL/dL
84
Any blood glucose lower than what is too low and any blood glucose higher than what is too high
60 and 120
85
What should the HbA1c be?
6.0% or less
86
An A1c over what is considered correlated to renal damage?
12
87
What can diabetes cause?
Neuropathy
Blindness
Inability to heal well
88
If finger stick blood glucose is outside the normal range, what must be done?
Verified by blood sample
89
What do sulfonylureas cause?
Photo sensitivity
90
When you are diabetic, what must be avoided?
Limit complex carbs
91
What is considered a high alert medication?
Insulin, must have another nurse verify
92
What are the two rapid acting insulins?
Lispro
Aspart
93
What is the meal time insulin at hospital?
Rapid acting-lispro, aspart
94
Where is insulin given?
Fat pads
Back of arm
Upper thigh
Stomach
Grab up fat!
95
What angle do you inject insulin?
Inject at 45 degree angle, on thinner patient ok to go in at 90 degrees
96
Rapid acting insulin is considered what?
Sliding scale insulin
97
When do you give rapid acting insulin?
15 minutes before eating or immediately after
98
What is the peak for rapid acting insulin?
1-2 hours
99
What is the duration of rapid acting insulin?
3-4 hours
100
What is the name of the short acting insulin?
Regular
Humalin-R
Novolin-R
101
What is the name of the immediate-acting insulin?
NPH
Humalin-N
Novolin-N
102
What is the name of the long-acting insulin?
Glargine /detemir
Lantus/Levimir
103
What are the two insulins that you can mix?
NPH/regular
104
What insulin do you NOT mix?
Long acting-glargine/detemir
But can give short or rapid to help
105
Which insulin is cloudy?
NPH
106
Which insulin is clear?
Short acting
107
Which insulin do you draw up first or you will contaminate?
Clear to cloudy!
108
What is onset of long acting insulin?
3-4 hours
109
What is the peak of long acting insulin?
3-14 hrs
110
What is the duration of long acting insulin?
6-24 hrs, dose dependent
111
What is onset of intermediate acting insulin?
2-4 hours
112
What is peak of NPH insulin?
4-10 hours
113
What is direction of NPH?
10-16 hours
114
What is onset of regular insulin?
30-60 minutes
115
What is the peak of regular insulin?
2-4 hours
116
What is the duration of regular insulin?
5-7 hours
117
When should you notify the doctor if patient is taking linezolid?
Excessive bleeding or blurred vision
118
What type of antibiotic is linezolid?
Broad spectrum
119
What is one of the major side effects of linezolid?
Thrombocytopenia (low platelets)
120
If patient eats a lot of tyramine and takes linezolid, what happens?
Causes HBP
121
What type of antibiotic is amoxicillin?
Penicillin based broad spectrum
122
What is administration of amoxicillin?
PO only
123
What is amoxicillin used to treat?
Skin, eat, sinuses, respiratory, urinary, post exposure anthrax
124
Which antibiotic is safe in pregnancy?
Amoxicillin and ceftriaxone
125
What does amoxicillin increase the effects of?
Warfarin, could cause bleeding
126
What are the interactions with amoxicillin?
Contraceptives, warfarin, allopurinol
127
What should you monitor if patient taking amoxicillin?
Stools
128
Which antibiotic would you not give if patient is allergic to penicillin?
ceftriaxone
Amoxicillin
Piperacillin
129
What type of antibiotic is ceftriaxone?
Cephalosporin
130
What is ceftriaxone used to treat?
Skin, urinary, GYN, respiratory, meningitis, bone/joint, ear, sepsis, Lyme, abdomen
131
What is metabolism and excretion of ceftriaxone?
Renal for both
132
What is administration of ceftriaxone?
IM and IV
133
What is one of the drugs ceftriaxone interacts with?
Probenecid---causes an increase in ceftriaxone and toxic side effects
134
Which antibiotic is given during surgery to prevent infection?
Ceftriaxone
135
What kind of antibiotic is piperacillin?
Extended spectrum
136
What is piperacillin used to treat?
Appendicitis, peritonitis, skin, GYN, pneumonia
137
How is piperacillin administered?
IV only
138
What are the drug interactions with piperacillin?
Probenecid, lithium, diuretics, corticosteroids
139
If patient experiences chest pain and has had piperacillin, what else should you ask if they are taking?
Diuretics
140
What type of antibiotic is vancomycin?
Broad spectrum
141
What is vancomycin used to treat?
Endocarditis, meningitis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, sepsis, PCN ALLERGY, enterocolitis, and c diff
142
What must be monitored when giving IV vanc?
The IV site because it burns and hurts and site must be clear.
143
What does PO vanc only work for?
GI BUGS
144
What is the excretion for vanc?
Renal and hepatic
145
What do you do before you give next dose of vanc?
Check blood levels, vanc has a narrow therapeutic range
146
What are the peaks and troughs for vanc?
25-40 mcg/mL peak
5-10 mcg/mL trough
147
What is the inflammation of abdomen called when patient is taking antibiotics?
Pseudo membranous colitis
148
What does pseudomembraneous colitis cause?
Cramping and bloody stools
149
What are keys to antibiotic success?
```
Complete regime
Don't share prescriptions
Take as directed
Monitor for allergic reaction
Monitor bowel function
Increase fluid intake
Avoid excessive use
Monitor for signs of superinfection
Monitor for signs of Steven johnsons disease
```
150
What happens when a patient is allergic to antibiotics?
Allergic reactions begin with a rash
151
Superinfections occur when using what type of antibiotic?
Broad spectrum or extended spectrum
152
Which type of diabetic is not insulin Dependent?
Type 2
153
What is the normal blood glucose range?
70-120 mL/dL
154
Any blood glucose lower than what is too low and any blood glucose higher than what is too high
60 and 120
155
What should the HbA1c be?
6.0% or less
156
An A1c over what is considered correlated to renal damage?
12
157
What can diabetes cause?
Neuropathy
Blindness
Inability to heal well
158
If finger stick blood glucose is outside the normal range, what must be done?
Verified by blood sample
159
What do sulfonylureas cause?
Photo sensitivity
160
When you are diabetic, what must be avoided?
Limit complex carbs
161
What is considered a high alert medication?
Insulin, must have another nurse verify
162
What are the two rapid acting insulins?
Lispro
Aspart
163
What is the meal time insulin at hospital?
Rapid acting-lispro, aspart
164
Where is insulin given?
Fat pads
Back of arm
Upper thigh
Stomach
Grab up fat!
165
What angle do you inject insulin?
Inject at 45 degree angle, on thinner patient ok to go in at 90 degrees
166
Rapid acting insulin is considered what?
Sliding scale insulin
167
When do you give rapid acting insulin?
15 minutes before eating or immediately after
168
What is the peak for rapid acting insulin?
1-2 hours
169
What is the duration of rapid acting insulin?
3-4 hours
170
What is the name of the short acting insulin?
Regular
Humalin-R
Novolin-R
171
What is the name of the immediate-acting insulin?
NPH
Humalin-N
Novolin-N
172
What is the name of the long-acting insulin?
Glargine /detemir
Lantus/Levimir
173
What are the two insulins that you can mix?
NPH/regular
174
What insulin do you NOT mix?
Long acting-glargine/detemir
But can give short or rapid to help
175
Which insulin is cloudy?
NPH
176
Which insulin is clear?
Short acting
177
Which insulin do you draw up first or you will contaminate?
Clear to cloudy!
178
What is onset of long acting insulin?
3-4 hours
179
What is the peak of long acting insulin?
3-14 hrs
180
What is the duration of long acting insulin?
6-24 hrs, dose dependent
181
What is onset of intermediate acting insulin?
2-4 hours
182
What is peak of NPH insulin?
4-10 hours
183
What is direction of NPH?
10-16 hours
184
What is onset of regular insulin?
30-60 minutes
185
What is the peak of regular insulin?
2-4 hours
186
What is the duration of regular insulin?
5-7 hours
