mod 2- low back Flashcards
(30 cards)
what are some ill advised back rehab recomendations
- strengthen muscles in torso to protect back
- Bend knees when performing sit ups
- Perform sit up to prtect back
- To avoid back injury bend whith the knees
- tight hams and unequal leg lengths cause back troubles
- a single exercise program is adequate for all cases
what part of the Vb fails first in compression
endplates buldge inward due to vertical trabelcule compresssion and transverse ties break under the tension
how does osteoporosis affect the VBs
transverse trabecular are affected the greatest amount
-compression causes the verticals to buckle w/o transverse support allows canceous bone to collapse forming wedge shaped VBs
if u load a VB quick vs slow what will fail
quick- vert body
slow- endplate (looks like a starfish)
what do repeated cycles of flex and extension result in
fatigue
eventually spondylolithesis, facet fracture etc
what does posterior shear injur affect in slow and fast load
slow- soft tissue injury and VB fx
fast- wedge shaped fractures
what do ant shear injury affect in slow and fast load
slow- soft tissue
fast- pars, facet fx, vb fx
what is kissing spines
damage to interspinous lig occur when repeatedly crushed bw SP in full extension
can disks be a pain generator
only after end plate damage occurs and new tissues (nerves) grow into place
Rules of a disk herniation
- must be bent to full ROM
- repeated loading
- linked to sedentary occupations
- younger spines
Full flexion and compression
what is the flexion/relaxiation phenomenon and what happens in non healthy people
when bending forward to end range extensor muscles become silent due to either relfex activity or passive tissues taking the load
unhealthy- extensor muscles never turn off
effect of distance, speed, fatigue on lifting in lower back
distance- increase distance increases moment
speed- fast lifts increase moment 60% and lat bending, rot
Fatigue- change lifting patterns over time which increases compression and ant post shear
one even and unever ground where should the load be in a backpack
even- higher up in the back
uneven- lower down to decrease moment arm
what should be done with walking and lbp
fast walking with arm swinging
-allows for cyclic loading of tissues lowering lumbar spine torque, muscle activity and loading forces
does running cause lbp
little risk for low back injury + can actually protect spine
Problem with eliptical trainers
-requires more hip motion then walking so those with a restricted ROM tend to compensate thru the lumbar spone which can cause issues
stats to avoid LBP from sitting
- vary posture frequently, avoid static loading, fixed pos
- seated posture leads to inactivity which increases metabolites and accelerates DDD
- include walking breaks
how should you target obliques
side bridge
loads of extension exercises (roman chair, superman, prone leg and trunk ext, birdog)
roman- activates all 4 (4000n)
superman- activates all 4 (6000n)
prone leg- both lumbar (2000n)
birddog- both lumbar and thocacic on one side (3000n)
how does intra abdominal pressure contribute to stability
Aip doesnt contribute to stability directly but activating all the musculature that increases IAP creates the stability by creating a stiffer torso
is it adivisable to do spine flexion exercises in AM
no becuase ligament stresses and disk bending forces are greater in AM
what is spinal memory and what is the risk
function of spine modulated by prev activity which in turn determines ligament rest length
ex. post spinal flex the lig remains lax up to 30 mins after increasing risk of injury
how to reduce risk of tissue injury in LB
- reduce peak compressive loads
- reduce repeated spinal motion
- reduce full range flex/ext
- reduce peak and cumulative shear forces
- reduce slips and falls
- reduce length of time sitting
- increase appropriate loads
- allow sufficient recovery
why is keeping a neutral spine good
increases erector force but lowers shear forces
