MOD 20 - COURSE 2 - TYPE OF ANAESTHESIA PT 1

Question 1

anaesthesia = divided into 2 main catagories what are they

Answer 1

• general and local

Question 2

what is general anaesthesia

Answer 2

• state of controllable reversible insensibility which sensory perception adn motor response = depressed

Question 3

what is the balance of triad of anaesthesia

Answer 3

narcosis, anaglesia and relaxation = balanced - the triad - anaestheisa = agent = based on abaility to provide the triad

Question 4

what are the 2 forms of anaesthesic

Answer 4

• inhalation
• injectable

Question 5

what is the form of inhalation anaesthetic agent?

Answer 5

= volatile drugs = delivered continously via lings - where alveolar anaesthetic conetration = colesly approximates the arterial blood concentration

Question 6

what is an advanatge of using inhalation

Answer 6

• concentration = measured on a continous basis = ensure all animals = similar anaestheic depth = imporant because anaesthetic effects vary with depth of anaesthesia

Question 7

by defintiion what does general anaesthetic induce

Answer 7

• anaglesia, loss of muscle, function, amnesia, uncsonciousness

Question 8

what are the most commonly used inhalant anaesthetic

Answer 8

• isoflurane
• sevoflurane
• halothane
• enflurane

Question 9

what are the desirable effect of sevoflurane

Answer 9

• rapid induction and recovery from anaesthesia than isoflurane
• less pugnent than others
• non explosive
• non flammable

Question 10

what are some undesirable effects of sevoflurane

Answer 10

• relatively expensive
• breakdown products can cause renal injruy - although significant toxicity is highly unlikely

Question 11

whats the main advantages of sevoflurane

Answer 11

• greater ease of matching depth of anaesthesia to the degree of surgcial stimulation - coupled with very rapid and smooth recovery

Question 12

what are the desirable effect of halothane

Answer 12

• rapid induction and recovery
• non-irratent
• non explosive
• non flammable

Question 13

what are the undesirbale effect of halothane

Answer 13

• depressant effect on cardiovascular system
• moderate hypotensionn - reduction in cardiac output and peripheral vasodilation
• dose dependednt respiratory depression

Question 14

what effect doe halothane hhave on the body

Answer 14

• heptatic metabolism occurs - marked liver microsomal enzyme induction may follow anaesthesia

Question 15

what are the desirable effect of enflurane

Answer 15

• rapid induction and recovery
• non irritant
• non explosive
• non flammable

Question 16

what are hte undersirable effects of enflurane

Answer 16

• depressant effect on cardiovacsular system
• moderate hypotension because of a reduction in cardiac output and peripheral vasodilation
• dose dependednt respiratory depression

Question 17

is alot or a little of the enflurane = metabolised by the liver

Answer 17

very littel drug = metabolsied in the liver - larger eliminated via the lungs
- rarely used in lab animlas or vet clinical anaesthesia

Question 18

what is inhalation of equipement comprises of

Answer 18

• compressed gases
• anaesthetic gas flow
• induction chamber and breathing circuit
• waste gas scavenger system

Question 19

how is gas carried to the animal to sustain its life

Answer 19

• carrier gas in the gas cylinder

Question 20

what is the common carrier gas

Answer 20

oxygen
- medical air and compressed air room = somtimes used

Question 21

what is a regulatory

Answer 21

• mandatory - to lower the pressure within the cylinder from 1,800 to 2,200 psi to 50psi - as higher pressure will damage the machine

Question 22

how is colour coding used for gas system

Answer 22

• labeling gases - differnt colours - less chance of using wrong gas int eh anaesthesia system

Question 23

in the EU what colour is the air, CO2, N2, NO,O2

Answer 23

black and white, gray, black, blue, white

Question 24

where is teh O2 directed to…

Answer 24

flow meter - and vapouriser - mixed with anaesthetic gas - and delivered to the animal
- or tp the O2 flush assembly - direct pure O2 to the animal

Question 25

what does the flow meter do

Answer 25

- adjust to 50PSI - of pressure into a flow - measured in l/min delivered to animal

Question 26

what settings of the flow meter be set to

Answer 26

- settings from 0.24 liters per min - rates = set so it prvides aniamsl with correct amoutn of O2 for the species

Question 27

what should the settings for the flow meter be dependent on...

Answer 27

- how much aniamsl lungs will hold and how many breaths per min

Question 28

what if the flow rate = above minute volume? what will happen

Answer 28

- animal will cause excess gases to escape from face mask and be released into procedures area atomsiphere - waste gases -expose personnel to anaesthetic gas

Question 29

what is the vapourisors function

Answer 29

- contain liquid anaesthetic - responsible for changing the liquid agent to fas - vapour state - allow investigator to deliver controllable precise percentages of that vapour to the patient - settin anaesthesia - concnetraiton - done of that vapour to the patient

Question 30

how do you set the concentration of the anaesthesia

Answer 30

- using the control dial

Question 31

what has to be pushed before the vappouriser can be turned on

Answer 31

- control dial has a stop release must be pushed

Question 32

how is teh dial offers options from 0-5 measuresed in percentageswhat does chosing a percentage of 2.5% mean

Answer 32

-97.5% O2 and 2.5% isoflurane vapour

Question 33

What is the induction chamber

Answer 33

- anaesthetic gases -- denser than air - gas -scavengin systems - remove anaesthetic as rapidly as it is added waste fas - should be removed from top of chamber and fresh anasestehtic fas = flowed in at teh base - MAKE SURE CHAMBER = appropriate for size of animals

Question 34

what is a breathing circuit?

Answer 34

- portion of system = attached to the patients airway - by way of facemasks or endotracheal tube or a face mask - designed to deliver O2 and anaesthetic to patient ad then to direct CO2 excess anaesthesia and exhaled anaesthetic away from patient - assists with ventilation if breathin gproblems = encountered

Question 35

what happens once aniamls = placed in teh induction chamber

Answer 35

- users turn on teh chamber circuit and turns off the breathig circuit - agent saturated gas = fill the hcamber and the room air will eventually be forced out by incoming fresh gas - once aniamsl = anaeshetizes - chamber = flished - forced agent saturation gas out of the chmaber - animals - intubated or a face mask = placed over aniamsl nose and breathing circuit line activated - aniaml = breathin the anaesthetic gas mixtureat

Question 36

what are the types of breathing circuits

Answer 36

non-rebrething circuits - rebreathing or circle circuitrs - some of the anaesthetic gas = recycled

Question 37

what is a non breathing circuit and when is it used

Answer 37

- used in smaller aniamls - gas = exhaled by animal immediately diverted out of the circuit through the scavenging system - since no recirculation of gases - goes back to aptient -no need for CO2 aborber wihtin breathing circuit

Question 38

what is a scavenger system

Answer 38

anaesthetic waste gases - include any gases from anasethetic machine - bypass patients without being inhaled plus any gases which = exhaled by th epatient - waste anaesthetic gas WAG = divereted away from aniamsl - can be hazadous if released in the procedure room - direct flow from exhaled fases away foromt eh area one ach breathing circuit - 2 lines - one line brngs the fresh gas from the vapourise to the patient - the other line - collects hte leftover waste anaesethic fas - from circuit or chmaber circuit and safley channels that gas to an evacuation ssytem or charcoal filter

Question 39

what must happen if there are no scaevnging systems

Answer 39

- so if facilities that dont have scavenging devices - all procedures = done in hoods - allows for rapid eliminsation of gas