Mod 3 Evolution before Darwin

Question 1

Who originally came up with the concept of evolution?

Answer 1

Unknown, was not Darwin

Question 2

Explain the great chain of being

Answer 2

• A need to know the organism
• Recognise similarities
• its a scale of low to high forms of life.
• plants are the lowest

Question 3

Carolus Linneaus

Answer 3

• Swedish naturalist that used nesting groups (taxa) to organize organisms.
• DKPCOFGS
• Binomial nomenclature (Homo sapiens)

Question 4

Engineers that noted similarity in hearts? Brains?

Answer 4

Williams Harvey and thomas willis

Question 5

William Paley

Answer 5

Natural theologist that believed organisms were made with an intelligent design. Supported idea of a creator.

Question 6

Nicolaus Steno

Answer 6

Discovered fossils, the shark teeth looked like tongue stones and realized they were mineralized shark teeth.
-Used stratigraphy

Question 7

Stratigraphy

Answer 7

Used by Steno to study the layers of sedimentary rock.
-answer to how did these get to a higher elevation.
Layers of sedimentary rock that are preserved

Question 8

Georges-Louis Leclerc (Georges Buffon)

Answer 8

Early evolutionist. Not the first person to study evolution though. was notable for ideas of evolution prior to Darwin’s time

• Believed in spontaneous generation
• Used chemistry/physics into biological thinking
• Believed the earth cooled from a chunk of the sun, Earth 70,000 y.o.
• Organisms used molecules to build.
• Life could transform

Question 9

George Cuvier

Answer 9

Father of Paleontology

A noted difference between an elephant and a mammoth… which led to him discovering extinction.

Question 10

Mary Anning

Answer 10

Sold fossils
Discovered interesting fossils like aquatic reptiles, flying reptiles.
Did not come to form a wealthy family.

Question 11

James Hutton

Answer 11

Slow changes caused the rock to change over.
Sedimentary layers
New rock from volcanos 
Erosion through wind and rain 
Lifting

Question 12

Geological Mapping importance

Answer 12

examining age of rock and estimating age of fossils.

Question 13

JEAN LaMarck

Answer 13

Noted fossil forms and compared to modern forms

• first MAJOR proponent of evolution
• Concluded diversity of life was due to evolution
• Most of his ideas were great but were wrong.
• organisms change and pass traits to offspring (giraffe0

Question 14

Who believed species were fixed?

Wanted Lamarcks ideas rejected?

Answer 14

Cuvier