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cpt > Mod 3 - Pt Preparation > Flashcards

Mod 3 - Pt Preparation Flashcards

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1
Q

what should be on the lab requisition form

A
  • pt full name
  • pt DOB
  • pt sex
  • specific identification/medical record number
  • tests ordered
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2
Q

in addition to the most basic info, what may be on the lab requisition form

A
  • specific precautions/concerns
  • date & time of collection
  • billing info
  • diagnostic coding
  • specific preparations/restrictions prior collection
  • priority
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3
Q

define FASTING

A

not eating or drinking anything except water for generally 8-12 hours

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4
Q

define BASAL STATE

A

condition of rest and fasting for at least 12 hours and typically in the morning upon waking

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5
Q

if a facility does not use pt labels, what should be recorded on the blood tubes

A
  • date & time of collection
  • your initials
  • pt full name & DOB
  • other specific indicators
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6
Q

the timing of an individual’s basal state is based on when they

A

wake up

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7
Q

what questions should be asked before venipuncture

A
  • any allergies (specifically latex)
  • have you eaten/drinken anything
  • have you taken any medications
  • do you faint at the sight of blood
  • arm preference
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8
Q

what should be done when a pt feels faint

A
  • stop procedure
  • have pt lower head & take deep breaths
  • loosen any tight clothing around the enck
  • apply a cold compress on forehead or back of neck
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9
Q

how long should be a pt be observed for if they faint/feel faint

A

15 min

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10
Q

what can be done when anticipating for a fainting episode

A

lock arm of phlebotomy chair

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11
Q

acetaminophen can falsely

A

elevate levels of liver enzymes

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12
Q

some blood pressure meds can affect

A

glucose, sodium, and potassium levels

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13
Q

how can alcohol affect blood results

A

affect coagulation activation and platelet reactivity

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14
Q

alcohol can affect coagulation activation and platelet reactivity especially in pts with

A

diabetes mellitus

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15
Q

t/f: chewing gum can affect fasting blood results

A

true

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16
Q

the effects of smoking on blood are

A

elevation of several coagulation factors

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17
Q

vigorous exercise can cause

A

coagulation activation

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18
Q

how long should a pt rest before venipuncture if they exercised recently

A

15-30 min

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19
Q

what are some complications of venipunctures

A
  • excessive bleeding/bruising
  • hematoma
  • severe pain/lack of sensation
  • infection
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20
Q

what should be done if gauze becomes soaked with blood after venipuncture

A

apply pressure and ice until pt further evaluated by provider

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21
Q

if a pt experiences severe pain, numbness, or tingling in the venipuncture arm, this may indicate

A

nerve damage

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22
Q

what may be used when the nerve was accidentally hit during a venipuncture but depends on facility policy

A

ice

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23
Q

t/f: hematomas can evolve info infections

A

true

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24
Q

hematomas may be referred to as

A

bruises

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25
Q

which vein has a higher incidence of nerve involvement

A

basilic vein

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26
Q

why are ankle and foot veins the last choice veins

A

difficult to access, easy to injure, often painful

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27
Q

blood should never be collected from the ankle/foot if the pt has

A

diabetes mellitus or peripheral vascular disease

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28
Q

what should be done if a vein cannot be palpated

A

have them place the arm below the heart

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29
Q

when an IV is involved, where should the blood be drawn

A

above catheter insertion site

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30
Q

blood should not be drawn from an arm that has ____ bc it can compromise circulation and damage it

A

arteriovenous fistula/shunt for hemodialysis

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31
Q

blood should not be drawn from an arm that has ___ bc it can be damaged

A

central venous access device

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32
Q

blood should not be drawn from arm on the same side as a recent ____ bc it can cause swelling, injury, or infection

A

mastectomy

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33
Q

blood should not be drawn from a site that has ___ bc it can alter test results and be painful

A

edema

34
Q

blood should not be drawn from a site with ___ bc it will be difficult and painful

A

scarring

35
Q

blood should not be drawn from a site that has __ bc it can alter test results, be painful, increase risk of nerve damage, or cause permanent damage to circulation

A

hematoma

36
Q

what veins are poor candidates for venipuncture

A

sclerotic, thrombotic, phlebitic, fragile, tortuous

37
Q

define SCLEROTIC VEINS

A

hard, inflexible, and narrow veins

38
Q

why are sclerotic veins poor candidates

A

difficult to puncture and painful

39
Q

cause of sclerotic veins

A

aging and constant blood draws on same site

40
Q

aka TORTUOUS VEINS

A

varicose veins

41
Q

why are tortuous veins poor candidates

A

easy to push needle completely through vein wall

42
Q

why are fragile veins poor candidates

A

painful and generally needs multiple sticks to collect enough blood

43
Q

define FRAGILE VEINS

A

thin, weak, and difficult to puncture; they collapse easily on palpation and don’t refill quickly

44
Q

fragile veins are common in

A

elderly, newborn, and peds pts

45
Q

define PHLEBITIC VEINS

A

tender and warm veins with red area and may have clots

46
Q

why are phlebitic veins poor candidates

A

difficult to puncture and painful

47
Q

infants younger than ___ should have a capillary heel stick

A

12 months

48
Q

when doing an infant heel stick, never use a lancet that punctures deeper than

A

2 mm

49
Q

generally how much urine is enough for a random urine testing

A

30-60 mL

50
Q

urine begins to deteriorate within ___ of collection

A

30 min

51
Q

what are instructions for clean-catch urine for men

A
  • don’t let anything besides urine tough the lid/inside of cup
  • wash hands
  • retract foreskin and clean meatus in a circular outward motion
  • pee a little in toilet then into the cup and then finish in the toilet
52
Q

what are the instructions for a clean-catch urine for women

A
  • don’t let anything besides pee touch the inside of cup or lid
  • wash hands
  • separate labia and wipe with towelettes front to back
  • pee a little in toilet, then cup, then in toilet while still holding labia separated
53
Q

how does a 24 hour urine collection start

A

begins at specific time by peeing into toilet then recording start time

54
Q

what may make the 24 hour urine collection invalid

A

pt pees into toilet at any time during 24 hour period

55
Q

how should the urine be kept during a 24 hour urine collection

A

in the refrigerator/on ice

56
Q

what is the normal range for urine pH

A

5.5-8

57
Q

bacteria grows better in

A

alkaline environments

58
Q

unrefrigerated urine becomes more

A

alkaline

59
Q

specific gravity of urine is usually

A

1.010-1.025

60
Q

highly concentrated urine can be a sign of

A

dehydration

61
Q

WBC and nitrates in urine indicate

A

infection

62
Q

hemoglobin in urine can indicate

A

bleeding, infection, cancer, kidney disease, chemical poisoning, and other pathology

63
Q

define KETONES

A

products of fat metabolism

64
Q

ketones in urine can signify

A

diabetes mellitus, starvation, vomiting

65
Q

bilirubin in urine may signify

A

liver disease or RBC destruction

66
Q

protein in urine can signify

A

inflammation, infection, kidney disease, or chemical poisoning

67
Q

glucose in urine can signify

A

diabetes mellitus

68
Q

stool samples should not be refrigerated if they are being tested for

A

parasites

69
Q

what should be avoided when doing a stool sample

A

contaminating feces with urine or toilet water

70
Q

what are some pre-testing instructions for fecal occult blood test

A
  • do not eat red meat, citrus, or raw veggies 3 days before collection
  • do not take vitamin C or aspirin 3 days before collection
71
Q

FOBT stands for

A

fecal occult blood test

72
Q

when should sputum be collected

A

in the morning before eating or drinking anything or doing any oral hygiene

73
Q

what are the instructions for collecting a sputum sample

A
  • take a deep breath
  • cough forcefully and deeply and cough up the sputum into the container
  • do not spit saliva into the container
  • close the lid, clean the outside of the container, put the label on
74
Q

how much sputum should be in a sample

A

generally 1-2 teaspoons

75
Q

semen samples must reach the lab within

A

1-2 hour of collection

76
Q

t/f: the pt should avoid mixing or inverting the container after collecting specimen while doing a 24 hour urine collection

A

false: the container should be gently mixed and inverted after each sample is added

77
Q

U R COLLECTIG A SPECIMEN TO TEST PT’S LITHIUM LEVEL AFTER RECENT DOSE OF MEDS. WHICH LEVEL SHOULD BE COLLECTED
a) random
b) trough
c) fasting
d) peak

A

d) peak

78
Q

what types of urine specimen should be collected for a pregnancy test

A

first-morning

79
Q

U R DOING A VENIPUNCTURE ON A PT WITH AN IV IN BOTH ARMS. WHAT SHOULD U DO
a) ask the nurse to turn the IVs off for 1 min
b) apply tourniquet above IV site
c) ask nurse to turn IVs off for 2 min
d) ask nurse to remove 1 IV

A

c) ask nurse to turn IVs off for 2 min

80
Q

what statement should the CPT say when prepping to collect a blood sample for a cholesterol test

A

sit for at least 5 min before the test

81
Q
A

cpt (8 decks)

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