MOD 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Unexpected death caused by loss of heart function ; common cause is heart attacj
A
Sudden Cardiac Arrest
2
Q
Stiffening of the body
A
Rigor Mortis
3
Q
Absence of palpable pulse; flat line
A
Asystole
4
Q
No cardiac contractions detected
A
Pulseless Electrical Activity
5
Q
Rapid ineffective quivering
A
Ventricular Fibrillation
6
Q
100-250 ventricular beats; no pulse
A
Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia
7
Q
Emergency condition where airway is obstructed and compromises oxygenation and may lead to respiratory arrest
A
Foreign Body Airway Obstruction
8
Q
Tongue drops back; may be due to asthma, allergy
A
Anatomical AO
9
Q
Foreign objects are lodged; may be fluid or food that causes chokin
A
Mechanical AO
10
Q
Partial AO with Good Air Exchange
A
Forceful cough
11
Q
Partial AO w/ Poor Air Exchange
A
Weak, ineffective cough, cyanosis
12
Q
Clutching at the neck with thumb and fingers
A
Universal Distress Syndrome
13
Q
Unable to speak, breath or cough, UDS
A
Complete Airway Obstruction
14
Q
Permanent brain damage or death will occur in_________, secondary to ________
A
3-6 mins; hypoxia
15
Q
Draw tongue away from the foreign body
A
Finger sweep
16
Q
Abdominal thrust; elevates diaphragm to create artificial cough
A
Heimlich Maneuver
17
Q
Performed to pt with advanced stages of pregnancy or markedly obese
A
Chest Thrust
18
Q
3 ways to Establish an Airway
A
- Head-tilt / chin-lift
- Jaw thrust maneuver
- Rescue Breathing
19
Q
Ways to ventilate lungs of an infant
A
Mouth-to-mouth and nose
20
Q
Incision of cricothyroid membrane to establish emergency airway
A
Circothyroidotomy
21
Q
Location of cricothyroid membrane
A
Depression located below Adam’s apple and above the cricoid cartilage
22
Q
Cricothyroidotomy: Insert needle at ______ to _____ degree _____ direction in the midline
A
10-30 degree; caudal
23
Q
Cricothyroidotomy: Direct needle ___________ and _________
A
Downward and posteriorly
24
Q
Cricothyroidotomy: watch out for
A
Bleeding & aspirations
25
Inadequate tissue perfusion
Shock
26
Significant amount of fluid is lost from the intravascular space
Hypovolemic Shock
27
Hypovolemic shock: Fluid that may be lost _____________
Blood, plasma, electrolyte solution
28
Rapid loss of circulating blood volume
Hemorrhage
29
Hemorrhage: ______ liters of blood volume is loss
5 liters
30
One of the leading causes of hemorrhage
Penetrating trauma
31
Leading source of high-velocity penetrating trauma
Gun Shot Wound
32
Science of motion of projectiles
Ballistics
33
Study of projectile penetration of the tissues
Wound ballistics
34
The amount of destruction is directly related to________________
1. Caliber of gun
2. Type of bullet
3. Proximity of the muzzle to the victim
35
Important indicators of determining extent of injury
1. Gun’s caliber
2. Presumed path and velocity
3. Distance from the weapon to victim V1
36
The greater the ________, the greater the ______
Kinetic energy of a projectile; wounding potential
37
If a projectile does not exit the body, then ________
All its kinetic energy are transferred to the tissues
38
If the projectile exits the body then,
Some of its kinetic energy are transferred to the tissues
39
Crystalloid replacement is ________
3:1, 3mL PLR for every 1mL of blood loss
40
Example of colloids to be given
IV Dextran or Voluven
41
Priority Nursing Diagnosis
Altered Tissue Perfusion
42
Wide range of pathologic conditions and types of trauma involving brain
Traumatic Brain Injury
43
Generated force is greater than the cranial vault could absorb
Head Trauma
44
5 types of traumatic brain injury
1. Skull fracture
2. Concussion
3. Contusion
4. Diffuse Axonal Injury
5. Intercranial Hemorrhage
45
Distortion in the integrity of bony skull
Skull fracture
46
Type of skull fracture; single blunt strike that creates a fissure line in the cranium
Linear Fracture
47
Type of skull fracture; backward fall that damages occiput
Basal skull fracture
48
Type of skull fracture; forward fall that damages frontal area
Anterior basilar fracture
49
Type of skull fracture; fall that may result laceration of bone tissues
Depressed skull fracture
50
Type of skull fracture; perforated scalp is observed
Open skull fracture
51
Direct brain injury involving neural tissue; temporary loss of consciousness that results from a transient interruption on the brain’s normal function
Concussion
52
Bruising of the brain tissue; head suffers from direct impact
Contusion
53
Diffuse Axonal Injury
Extensive damage throughout cerebrum and brain stem; damage involved innermost centroaxial area of white matter
54
Bleeding into a space or potential space between the skull and the brain
Intercranial hemorrhage
55
PeriAURICULAR Echymosis
Battle’s sign
56
PeriORBITAL Echymosis
Racoon’s eye
57
CSF leak in the nose
Rhinorrhea
58
CSF leak in the ears
Otorrhea
59
Drugs for Traumatic Brain Injury
Anticonvulsants, Mannitol, Antibiotics, antipyretics
60
Injuries to the cervical spine due to crushing, stretching, and rotational shear forces exerted on the cord
Cervical Spine injury
61
Persistent erection of the penis
Priaprism
62
Flicking of the middle finger induces flexion of the index finger or ipsilateral thumb
Hoffman’s sign
63
Facial lacerations and fractures of the facial bones
Maxillofacial Trauma
64
Facial Bones
Nasal, orbital, maxillary and mandibular
65
Upward gaze paralysis; Inferior orbit fracture
Blowout fractur
66
Crepitus on palpation around the nose
Nasal fracture
67
Maxilla or mandible fracture
Malocclusion of teeth
68
Palpable flattening of cheek and loss of sensation below the orbit
Zygomatic Fracture
69
Tris,is and mobility of jaw
Maxillary fracture
70
Injury without a break in the skin
Closed wound
71
Bleeding beneath the skin
Contusion
72
Pocket of blood and fluid beneath the skin
Hematoma
73
Sudden force over chest and abdomen
Blunt trauma
74
Injury with a break in the skin
Open wound
75
Superficial loss of skin; rubbing or scraping
Abrasion
76
Tear in the skin
Laceration
77
Skin is penetrated by pointed objects
Puncture
78
Tearing off or loss of a flop of the skin
Avulsion
79
Traumatic cutting
Amputation
80
Located between the site of injury and the heart where a main artery passes over a bone or underlying muscle mass
Pressure point
81
Pressure points that control hemorrhage
1. Temporal
2. Facial
3. Carotid
4. Subclavian
5. Brachial
6. Radial
7. Ulnar
8. Femoral
82
Types of wound closure
1. Closure by Primary Intent
2. Closure by Secondary Intent
3. Closure by Secondary Intent with Delayed closure
83
Break in the skin integrity of a bone, caused by direct trauma or by incident trauma
Fracture
84
Complete displacement or separation of bones from its normal place of articulation
Dislocation
85
Ligaments are partially torn or stretched. Twisting of a JOINT beyond its capacity
Sprain
86
Stretching or tearing of muscles and tendon fibers. Overextension of overexertion
Strain
87
Covering a break in the skin to help bleeding, stabilize the body part for further trauma and protect against infection.
Bandaging
88
Injury in the thoracic cavity, may be blunt or penetrating, injury in chest may lead to pneumothorax
Chest trauma
89
Presence of air in the pleural space occurring simultaneously or from trauma
Pneumothorax
90
Classifications of Pneumothorax
1. Spontaneous
2. Open
3. Tension
91
Sudden onset of air in the pleural space with deflation of the affected lung in the absence of trauma
Spontaneous
92
Sucking wound in chest; opening in the chest wall
Open
93
Buildup of air under pressure in the pleural space resulting from interference with filling of both heart and lungs
Tension
94
Collection of blood in the pleural space
Hemothorax
95
Aspiration of fluid or air in the pleural cavity
Thoracentesis
96
Placements of Chest Thoracotomy Tubes for PNEUMOTHORAX
2nd to 3rd intercostal space midclavicular lime
97
Placements of Chest Thoracotomy Tubes for HEMOTHORAX
6th to 7th intercostal space, midaxillary line
98
Intermittent bubbling is_____
Normal
99
Life-threatening condition defined as a major compression of all four chambers of the heart caused by accumulation of blood, clots, pus or gas
Cardiac Tamponade
100
Accumulation of ______ in the pericardial sac may cause cardiac tamponade
150 ml to 1liter
101
Removal of excess fluid in the pericardial sac due to pericardial effusion secondary to trauma
Pericardiocentesis
102
Injuries hitting the visceral organs in the abdominal cavity
Abdominal injuries
103
Usually result of gunshot wounds or stab wounds
Penetrating abdominal injury
104
Usually motor or vehicle accidents or falls
Blunt abdominal injury
105
Abdominal Injury Diagnostics
FAST UTS
Focused Assessment on Sonography for Trauma
106
Pain radiating to the left shoulder may be a sign of blood beneath the left diaphragm; pain in the right shoulder can result from the laceration of the liver
Kehr’s Sign
107
Slight bluish discoloration around navel; hemoperitoneum
Cullen’s sign
108
Slight bluish discoloration of the flank area; injury in the kidney or pancreas
Turner’s sign
