Mod 5 Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
What were some advantages of the geography of where Rome was?
(5 adventages)
A
- 14 miles from the sea, no sea raiders but Romans could still trade through the sea
- Sat high on a plateau, easy to defend from enemies
- Tiber river allowed fertile soil
- Apennine Mountains provide a barrier from the east
- Alps provided a barrier to the north
2
Q
In the 600s BCE, who took over Latium and changed it to a city-state called Rome?
A
Etruscans
3
Q
What were some improvements that were made when Rome became a city-state?
A
- Draining marshes
- Developed the forum
4
Q
What is a Forum?
A
Central open area that became Rome’s center of government and business
5
Q
What is a surplus?
A
excess amount of goods that is above what is used or needed
6
Q
In 509 BCE, Romans pushed out King Targuin the Proud and became what?
A
A republic
7
Q
What is a republic?
A
a political system in which people elect representatives to make decisions for them
8
Q
In 400s BCE, Rome built up its military and joined other cities in Latium to fight against local raiders and become a dominant member of an alliance called what?
A
The Latin League
9
Q
Who destroyed the Etruscan cities and later in 390s BCE attacked and burned Rome
A
Gaul (present-day France)
10
Q
By 275 BCE, Rome defeated who
A
- all of Etruria
- Central Italy and much of northern Italy
- the greek city-states to the south
Pretty much all of Italy
11
Q
Who did Rome start the 3 Punic wars with in 264BCE?
A
Carthage
12
Q
After what punic war did Rome gain Sicily as a province?
A
the 1st
13
Q
What Punic war did Hannibal nearly capture Rome with elephants?
A
2nd
14
Q
What Punic war started in 149 BCE, where a huge Roman army sailed to Carthage and had a 3 year long siege?
A
3rd
15
Q
No other power in the Mediterranean was as strong as Rome.
True or False?
A
True
16
Q
Many of Rome’s wealthy citizens lost all of their land.
True or False?
A
False! Wealthy citizens established huge farming estates.
17
Q
Rome started treating conquered peoples more harshly.
True or False?
A
rue. Earlier, Rome had turned former foes into allies and gave them citizenship. After the Punic Wars, armies enslaved people and ruined their lands.
18
Q
Many Roman farmers had no time to tend their farms
True or False?
A
True. Over time, farmers who fought in the Roman army were forced to become full-time soldiers.
19
Q
The Romans outlawed slavery.
True or False?
A
False! The number of slaves arriving from conquered lands increased greatly after the Punic Wars.
20
Q
Rome’s power and wealth increased.
True or False?
A
True. The conquest of Carthage and other lands gave Rome more power and brought more wealth into the Republic.
21
Q
Many landless farmers moved to cities.
True or False?
A
True. Farmers often sold their land to wealthy Romans and left the countryside for the city.
22
Q
Rome builds a navy and becomes a sea power.
Before the Punic Wars During the First Punic War During the Second Punic War During the Third Punic War After the Punic Wars
A
During the First Punic War
23
Q
Wealthy Romans build huge farming estates.
Before the Punic Wars During the First Punic War During the Second Punic War During the Third Punic War After the Punic Wars
A
After the Punic Wars
24
Q
Hannibal crosses the Alps into Italy.
Before the Punic Wars During the First Punic War During the Second Punic War During the Third Punic War After the Punic Wars
A
During the Second Punic War
25
Conquests in the eastern Mediterranean, Asia Minor, and elsewhere bring many slaves into Italy.
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Before the Punic Wars
During the First Punic War
During the Second Punic War
During the Third Punic War
After the Punic Wars
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After the Punic Wars
26
Rome sends 80,000 infantry and 4,000 cavalry to Carthage.
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Before the Punic Wars
During the First Punic War
During the Second Punic War
During the Third Punic War
After the Punic Wars
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During the Third Punic War
27
The Etruscans conquer the Latins.
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Before the Punic Wars
During the First Punic War
During the Second Punic War
During the Third Punic War
After the Punic Wars
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Before the Punic Wars
28
Romans end rule by kings and establish a republic.
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Before the Punic Wars
During the First Punic War
During the Second Punic War
During the Third Punic War
After the Punic Wars
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Before the Punic Wars
29
Rome stands alone as the supreme power in the Mediterranean region.
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Before the Punic Wars
During the First Punic War
During the Second Punic War
During the Third Punic War
After the Punic Wars
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After the Punic Wars
30
Rome conquers central Italy.
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Before the Punic Wars
During the First Punic War
During the Second Punic War
During the Third Punic War
After the Punic Wars
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Before the Punic Wars
31
Landless farmers stream into Roman cities.
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Before the Punic Wars
During the First Punic War
During the Second Punic War
During the Third Punic War
After the Punic Wars
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After the Punic Wars
32
Rome gains its first province, Sicily.
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Before the Punic Wars
During the First Punic War
During the Second Punic War
During the Third Punic War
After the Punic Wars
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During the First Punic War
33
Carthage is completely destroyed.
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Before the Punic Wars
During the First Punic War
During the Second Punic War
During the Third Punic War
After the Punic Wars
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During the Third Punic War
34
Some of Rome's allies in Italy turn against Rome.
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Before the Punic Wars
During the First Punic War
During the Second Punic War
During the Third Punic War
After the Punic Wars
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During the Second Punic War
35
Which US government term closely matches the Roman Republic term?
The Senate and Assemblies
The Congress
36
Which US government term closely matches the Roman Republic term?
The Consul
The President
37
Which US government term closely matches the Roman Republic term?
The Eight Judges
The Supreme Court
38
Which US government term closely matches the Roman Republic term?
The Twelve Tables
The Bill of Rights
39
Which US government term closely matches the Roman Republic term?
Consul Veto
Presidential Veto
40
Who became Rome's first emperor in 27 BCE
Augustus
41
What is the PAX Romana
a long time of peace for Rome during his 41-year reign
42
Who were the 4 men who helped create the Roman Empire?
- Tiberius Gracchus
- Gaius Maruis
- Sulla
- Julius Caesar
43
Who was Tiberius Gracchus?
| (168 - 133 BCE)
A soldier who proposed that Rome divide public lands among the returning military and their families to address the homeless citizens.
Senate was horrified, his ideas threatened their large estates and power, he was killed for his beliefs.
44
Gaius Marius (157 - 86 BCE)
Roman Consul who riled for 7 out of 10 years due to his military success during three wars
He promised land to soldiers in return for fighting in said wars and later roman citizenship.
Senate refused to honor his promises, fled to Africa after an attack by Sulla. Returned and seized Rome after a bloody battle
45
Sulla (138 BCE – 78 BCE)
Born in a poor noble family, served in the military under Gaius Marius. In 87 BCE, gathered his legions and took control over Rome, strengthened the Senate's Power.
82 BCE marched into Rome a second time and became a dictator, brought back the government of Rome to old vaules.
46
Julius Caesar (100 BCE – 44 BCE)
60 BCE was elected Consul, partnered with 2 rivals, Pompey and Crassus, and formed a triumvirate or a three-person rule.
49 BCE, marched into Rome and named himself dictator, adopted Octavian.
March 15th 44 BCE Caesar was Assassomated and Augustus ruled.
Replaced consuls and senate with an empire that could be inherited by members of the rulers family
47
What is a Tribune?
Tribunes: the plebeian representatives to the Senate) every year to take their concerns to the Senate. After a while, the assemblies had more power and created laws for the plebeians.
48
What are the Consuls?
The two leaders, the Consuls had to agree on everything. To make sure this happened, each Consul the right to veto (veto: to overrule) the other’s decisions.
49
The Eight Judges
Judges were in charge of enforcing the laws.
50
What is the class structure pyramid starting with the top?
Patricians, Plebeians, Freedmen, and Slaves.
51
Patricians
The wealthiest citizens in the region, held high government positions, large farms and they could only join the priesthood.
52
Plebeians
Majority of the Roman citizens, owned land, farmed and traded.
Barred from many public offices
53
Freedmen
Slaves that bought their own freedom with money or possessions, not a Roman ciitzen. Could not join the military or public office but could own landand children of Freedmen were often granted Roman ciitzenship.
54
Slaves
Most were prisoners of War or sold into slavery as children.
Worked in mines or on farms, servants or gladiators. Were very expensive and estimated that 25 percent of the Roman population were slaves.
55
A member of the highest class in ancient Rome was called a _____.
patrician
56
A person of the lower class who owned land was called a _____.
plebeian
57
A person who was bought and sold as property and had no legal rights in ancient Rome was a _____.
slave
58
A former slave was called a ____.
freedman
59
The most important judge in a particular district in ancient Rome was called a _____.
magistrate
60
The patrician traders who bought goods in bulk and resold them to shopkeepers were called _____.
negotiatores
61
The plebeians and freedmen who ran the shops in the Roman markets were called _____.
mercatores
62
In ancient Rome, three men who shared ruling responsibilities were called a _____.
triumvirate
63
In ancient Rome, a person given sole ruling power was called a _____.
dictator
64
To kill someone for political reasons is to _____ them.
assassinate
65
In ancient Rome, a person given complete control and power of command was given _____.
imperium
66
______ was a member of the First Triumvirate, who began a civil war in 49 BCE.
Julius Caesar
67
______ built a huge naval fleet, won the Battle of Actium, and became the emperor of the Roman Empire.
Octavian
68
Under this emperor, the Roman Empire was at its largest in history.
Trajan
69
This emperor founded the tetrarchy, or "rule by four."
Diocletian
70
This was the first Roman emperor.
Augustus
71
This emperor was the last to rule the Roman Empire before it was split in two.
Theodosius
72
This emperor built walls around the Roman Empire to secure its borders.
Hadrian
73
This emperor was the first to promote men in the military based on their performance rather than their social class.
Marcus Aurelius.
74
This was the first Roman emperor who was not related to the first emperor of Rome.
Vespasian
75
This was the first Roman emperor to be a Christian.
Constantine
76
The political structure of the Roman Empire included all of the following from the Roman Republic except (4 points)
a. a Senate
b. checks and balances
c. plebeians and patricians
d. imperial provinces
b. checks and balances
77
Which of the following represents a difference between the government of the Roman Republic and that of Imperial Rome? (4 points)
a. In the Roman Republic, the Senate represented the plebeians' views, while in Imperial Rome, the Senate represented the emperor's view.
b. In the Roman Republic, the Senate represented the patricians' views, while in the Imperial Rome, the Senate represented the emperor's views
c. In the Roman Republic, the Senate represented the Consuls' views, while in Imperial Rome, the Senate represented the emperor's views.
d. In the Roman Republic, the Senate represented the emperor's views, while in Imperial Rome, the Senate represented the Consuls' views.
:b. In the Roman Republic, the Senate represented the patricians' views, while in the Imperial Rome, the Senate represented the emperor's views
78
How did the Edict of Milan contribute to the growth and longevity of the Roman Empire? (4 points)
a. It made it safe for the larger Christian community to practice their religion.
b. It made it illegal to practice any religion other than Christianity.
c. It created a tax system that helped to fund the Empire.
d. It created a less rigid social class system.
a. It made it safe for the larger Christian community to practice their religion.
79
Question 6
Which of the following contributed to the growth and success of the Roman Empire? (4 points)
a. a system of representative government
b. religious toleration of conquered peoples
c. trade networks with India and Africa
d. the assassination of Julius Caesar
b. religious toleration of conquered peoples
80
Visigoths
one of two groups of Goth people who settled in southwestern France and the Iberian Peninsula; first to invade Roman Empire
81
Vandals
people from the region of Germany who attacked Rome
82
Trajan
first non-Italian emperor of Rome
83
Romulus Augustulus
the last Roman-born emperor of the Western Roman Empire
84
Pax Romana
Peace of Rome
85
Ostrogoths
one of two groups of Goth people; wanted to be like the Roman people
86
Odoacer
first non-Roman ruler of the Western Roman Empire
87
Nerva
first of the Five Great Emperors
88
mercenary soldiers
soldiers serving in a foreign army
89
Marcus Aurelius
the last of the Five Great Emperors who killed thousands of Christians
90
Iberian Peninsula
southwestern Europe where Spain and Portugal are located today
91
Huns
nomadic people from Mongolia
92
Hadrian
third of the Five Great Emperors who traveled throughout the provinces of Rome
93
Goths
early people who are believed to have originated in modern-day Sweden
94
Constantinople
capital of Eastern Rome
95
barbarian
a culture or group of people who were seen by the Romans as being inferior; fierce, warlike, uneducated
96
deposed
removed from power or office
97
Attila the Hun
leader of the Huns
98
Antoninus Pius
fourth of the Five Great Emperors who kept the peace of Rome and the economy stable
99
Alaric
Visigoth ruler who held the city of Rome for ransom
100
Stoicism
Stoicism: a philosophy which taught that strong self-control could control greed, anger, and jealousy
101
aqueducts
aqueducts: stone structures that carry water from the hills into cities
102
engineering
engineering: applying science and math to create useful structures and machines
103
apostles
apostles: twelve of Jesus’ disciples
104
gentiles:
gentiles: non-Jews
105
amphitheater:
amphitheater: a building without a roof where people gather to watch actors perform
106
concrete
concrete: a hard, heavy building material made of cement, sand, gravel, and water
107
Cato the Elder:
Cato the Elder: Roman statesman and writer known for his distrust of the Greeks
108
parables
parables: short stories with moral lessons.
109
Paul:
Paul: a Jew who converted to Christianity; he played the large role in spreading the Christian faith.
110
Marcus Tullius Cicero:
Marcus Tullius Cicero: a lawyer and politician, skilled at rhetoric
111
Virgil:
Virgil: writer of the Aeneid
112
What is the name for slaves and criminals forced to fight one another as entertainment for Romans?
gladiators
113
In what type of political system do people elect
republic
114
What was the highest class in the Roman Republic?
patricians
115
What was the name for the legislative branch for plebeians?
assembly
116
Who were bankers who bought large quantities of goods from traders and sold them in smaller quantities to shopkeepers?
negotiatores
117
What was the procedure used in ancient Rome to separate metal from ore?
smelting
118
What is the name for an underground cemetery?
catacomb
119
Who was the emperor at the beginning of the Pax Romana?
Augustus
120
Who were nomadic people from Mongolia?
Huns
121
What was the Greek philosophy which taught that all men and slaves were equal?
stoicism
122
Who were the "Five Great Emperors"?
Nerva: Reigned from 96-98 CE. He is remembered for helping the poor by giving them responsibility and way to provide for themselves.
Trajan: Reigned from 98-117 CE. He was the first emperor to have been born outside of Italy.
Hadrian: Reigned from 117-138 CE. He gave land back to areas that had been previously conquered by Rome.
Antonius Pius: Reigned from 138-161 CE: He was a peacemaker and Rome prospered during his reign without being involved in battle.
Marcus Aurelius: Reigned from 161-180 CE: Marcus was not as great as the previous Emperors before him. He blamed Christians for everything bad that happened to Rome during his reign and killed thousands of them in order to please the gods.
