Mod 7 Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
acupuncture:
A
medical treatment that involves putting needles at certain points on the skin
2
Q
barter
A
the system of exchanging goods rather than using money
3
Q
canal
A
an artificial waterway built for irrigating crops or to connect two larger bodies of water
4
Q
censorship
A
the action of preventing people from reading certain books or materials
5
Q
Daoism
A
religion begun by Laozi means “way” or “path”
6
Q
dynasty
A
a ruling family whose members maintain power over a long period of time
7
Q
feudalism
A
a system of social life in which a vassal serves a lord and receives protection and land in return
8
Q
illiterate
A
unable to read
9
Q
Legalism
A
Chinese belief system that calls for strict following of laws and the use of bureaucracy
10
Q
loess
A
wind-blown deposits of silt
11
Q
meritocracy
A
a system where people are chosen based on their ability
12
Q
monopoly
A
when one person or group controls a product or business
13
Q
What was the longest ruling dynasty in the history of China?
A
the Zhou Dynasty
14
Q
. Whose teachings formed the basis of Daoism?
A
Laozi
15
Q
What is a system of social life in which a vassal serves a lord and receives protection and land in return?
A
Feudalism
16
Q
What is the cost of a decision as measured by the value of the next best choice?
A
opportunity cost
17
Q
What did the Chinese believe was responsible for the changes in rulers and dynasties?
A
the Mandate of Heaven
18
Q
By naming himself the First Emperor, what did Qin Shi Huangdi intend for China?
A
to unify the Empire
19
Q
Who rose from the peasant class to become the first Emperor of the Han Dynasty?
A
Liu Pang
20
Q
What is the name for the wind-blown deposits of silt that make the land in China so fertile?
A
loess
21
Q
Emperor Wu-Ti ordered that iron and salt be controlled by the government. This is an example of
A
monopoly
22
Q
How were the civilizations of the Huang River valley and the Nile River valley similar? (4 points)
a. Both began around 4000 BCE.
b. Both arose in desert regions.
c. Both failed to develop a writing system.
d. Both were ruled by dynasties.
A
d. Both were ruled by dynasties.
23
Q
Which of the following is a religious difference between the Huang River civilization and other great river civilizations? (4 points)
a. Its people believed that their king was a god.
b. Its kings made use of oracle bones to communicate with their ancestors.
c. The Huang civilization did not develop strong religious beliefs.
d. The Huang civilization developed the concept of that rulers had the support of the gods.
A
b. Its kings made use of oracle bones to communicate with their ancestors.
24
Q
Where did the earliest Chinese writing appear? (4 points)
a. on silk cloth
b. on jade animal sculptures
c. on oracle bones
d. on loess
A
c. on oracle bones
25
Based on the precise nature of Shang dynasty calendars, what can you conclude about Shang society? (4 points)
a. It made contact with several other advanced cultures.
b. It relied on traders to seek new ideas.
c. It had skilled astronomers.
d. It had a king who was also the high priest.
c. It had skilled astronomers.
26
All of the following are examples of how geographical boundaries can limit cultural interaction except (4 points)
a. rivers
b. deserts
c. mountains
d. oceans
a. rivers
27
What is the most likely explanation for why the Shang had little interaction with non-Chinese cultures? (4 points)
a. They were unable to travel upon the Yellow River.
b. They were surrounded by higher plains and mountains to the north and west.
c. They were not aware of the other cultures existing nearby.
d. They were unable to use the seas to establish trade with others due to lack of technology.
b. They were surrounded by higher plains and mountains to the north and west.
28
Unlike the Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Indus Valley civilizations, its trade with distant lands was ________.
limited
29
What are the two major rivers in China
One is the Huang, in the north. The other is the Chang, in the south
30
tributaries
Streams or rivers that flow into a larger body of water
31
What mountain range acted as a barrier for China and India?
the Himalayas
32
Which desert restricted travel to the west?
Taklamakan Desert
33
Which desert restricted travel to the north?
Gobi Desert
34
Around 1600 BCE which family became the first Chinese Dynasty in written record
Shang
35
How long did the Shang Dynasty last before Zhou took over?
nearly 600 years
36
What were some key contributions of the Shang Dynasty?
- written characters
- very accurate calendar
- silk
- bronze casting
37
Over time, Shang armies expanded the dynasty’s control as far south as the ______ River.
Chang
38
Shang traders went beyond this region to find tin, copper, and _____
jade
39
Shang kings led warriors into battle, but they also served as the civilization’s _____ ______
high priests
40
They also conducted _____ in which animals and humans were sacrificed.
rituals
41
Skilled crafters made beautiful metal _____ for use in these ceremonies.
vessels
42
Only the ____ , however, could afford the fine objects and fabrics produced by Shang crafters.
elite
43
Why did the Shang Dynasty fall?
The last leader, Di Xin, tortured and oppressed everyone who was not a noble, played favorites with nobles, was not nice to his people.
King Wu of the Zjou, easily seized control with no resistance.
44
How is the Mandate of Heaven different from Europeans Divine Rights of Kings?
European Kings claimed Divine Rights of Kings:
Kings had to be born into a noble family
Divine rights gave Western rulers unlimited power, no matter how they acted
Chinese Emperors claimed Mandate of Heaven:
Anyone could be picked by the gods to rule–you didn't have to be of noble birth
The gods listen all the time; if a ruler ceases to be a good one, the "mandate" can be given to someone else to rule
45
Which dynasty rose to power after the Zhou and began the Great Wall of China?
Qin
46
What Dynasty came after the Qin?
Han
47
What Dynasty came after the Han?
Tang
48
What Dynasty came after the Tang
Song
49
What Dynasty came after the Song
Ming
50
What are some Contributions of the Zhou dynasty?
```
Irrigation
Silk-making
The Analytics
Bookmaking
Confucius
The Dao
Legalism
```
51
What are some Contributions of the Qin dynasty?
```
Iron-forging
Common money, and laws
Non-hereditary government offices
Built and bettered the roads
Terracotta army
Multiplication table
The Great Wall of China started
```
52
What are some Contributions of the Han dynasty?
```
Cast iron
Stirrup
The iron plow
Civil service
Confucianism
Magnetic compass
Paper-making
Porcelain
Rudder
Fishing reel
Wheelbarrow
Acupuncture
Compass
Hot-air balloon
```
53
What are some Contributions of the Tang dynasty?
```
Code of Law
Canal system
Gunpowder
Block printing
Mechanical clocks
Smallpox vaccine
Tea
```
54
What are some Contributions of the Song dynasty?
```
Grew rice and wheat
Noodles
Movable type
Spinning wheel
Finer porcelain
Calligraphy
Landscape paintings
```
55
What are some Contributions of the Ming dynasty?
```
Confucianism
Corn and sweet potatoes
Blue and white porcelain
Poetry, detective stories
Opera and drama
```
56
What is the order of the early China Dynasties?
```
Shang 1650-1027 BCE
Zhou 1027-256 BCE
Qin 221-207 BCE
Han 206 BCE-220 CE
Tang 618-907 CE
Song 960-1279 CE
Ming 1368-1644 CE
```
57
How did ancestors influence the people of ancient China?
Honor their ancestors with prayer and bronze objects, worshipped like gods and believed they had power to help the living by communicating with the Gods and providing wisdom.
58
Which of the following explains why Shi Huangdi ordered the construction of a massive road system built throughout ancient China? (4 points)
a. it provided a way for his armies, as well as merchants and diplomats, to travel efficiently and quickly from the capital
b. it provided a way for his army to escape westward in the event of a Korean invasion of the North China Plain
c. it provided a way for only the royal family to travel safely from city to city in ancient China
d. it provided a way for foreign traders to enter the Chinese territory to bring much needed goods
a. it provided a way for his armies, as well as merchants and diplomats, to travel efficiently and quickly from the capital
59
Which of the following explains the significance of the Qin Dynasty introducing iron technology? (4 points)
a. there was no more use of wood in the construction of public works
b. the army no longer had to use lead in the construction of their armor
c. soldiers now had stronger weapons than their previous bronze ones
d. the population increased as there were more cities built along the primary rivers
c. soldiers now had stronger weapons than their previous bronze ones
60
Which type of material was used to build the Great Wall? (4 points)
a. rammed earth
b. brick masonry
c. carved stone
d. concrete
a. rammed earth
61
Which of the following individuals had the strongest influence on Qin Shi Huangdi's rule? (4 points)
a. Confucius
b. Han Fei Zi
c. Laozi
d. King Zheng
b. Han Fei Zi
62
What are Chen Sheng and Wu Guang known for? (4 points)
a. the Daze Village Uprising
b. drawing the plans for the Great Wall
c. defeating the Mongol invaders
d. inventing a tool for temple construction
a. the Daze Village Uprising
63
Which of the following did Qin Shi Huangdi not standardize? (4 points)
a. the widths of cart axles
b. currency
c. weights and measurements
d. the widths of canals
d. the widths of canals
64
What are the three main tools of a Legalist Government
Fa - means law or Principle, laws must be written down, known to all, people who follow them rewarded, break them punished.
Shu Method, tactic or Art.
techniques a ruler uses to insure that no one takes power from the ruler
Shi legitimacy, power or charisma
It is not the ruler that is powerful, it is the position.
65
None of the workers were paid for their labor on the Great Wall of China.
True or False
True
66
Why was the Great Wall built?
to protect China from Mongol invaders from the North
67
How did Qin Shi Huangdi die?
died trying to reach an island in eastern China that was supposed to have the elixir of immortality on it.
68
What is a bureaucracy?
A system of government where appointed officials make the decisions rather than elected representatives, as happened during the Qin Dynasty.
69
What is rammed earth?
A building method that involves packing compressed dirt into a constructed frame was used during the building of The Great Wall.
70
What is a dynasty?
A line of rulers that are all related such as Qin Shi Huangdi, Qin Er Shi, and Qin San Shi.
71
What is a canal?
An artificial waterway built for irrigating crops or to connect two larger bodies of water such as the Lingqu in China.
72
What is a prefecture?
A district that is part of a country; China had 36 of these.
73
What is Legalism?
A political philosophy that Qin Shi Huangdi used to back his harsh laws and treatment of citizens.
74
What is meritocracy?
Qin Shi Huangdi government leaders were chosen based on this system where people are chosen based on their ability.
75
Who is Qin Shi Huangdi?
Is known for uniting not just the boarders of China but the people of China.
76
Who is Liu Pang?
After the fall of the Qin Dynasty he became the first emperor of the Han Dynasty.
77
muslin
A type of cotton fabric
78
Silk Road
A network of trade routes from China to Europe
79
civil servants
Government officials
80
feudalism
A system of social life in which a vassal serves a lord and receives protection and land in return
81
monopoly
When one person or group controls a product or business
82
Medical treatment that involves putting needles at certain points on the skin
acupuncture
83
A collection of histories, poems, and handbooks by Confucius
Five Classics
84
Collection of written sayings by Confucius
Analects
85
Han emperor who ruled during a golden age
Wu-Ti
86
What Science and medicine improvements were made during the Golden age of the Han Dynasty?
texts written on chemistry, zoology, botany
Astronomers watched the sky
Improved calendars and timekeepers
Seismograph
Acupuncture
87
What technology improvements were made during the Golden age of the Han Dynasty?
wood pulp, paper still made the same way today
ships were improved
stirrups for horseback riding
fishing reel, wheelbarrows and suspension bridges
88
Who opened the silk road?
emperor Wu-Ti
89
Over time, the Silk Road stretched for _____ miles
4,000
90
Wu-Ti’s government granaries stored grain during times of famine. What is famine an example of?
scarcity
| Scarcity happens when there is not enough of something for all who want it.
91
Wu-Ti’s government sold grain at stable prices when it was lacking. The government’s willingness to sell this grain shows that it had enough of it. The government was also willing to sell it. What is another term for having enough of something and being willing to sell it?
: supply
| Supply is the amount that producers are able and willing to produce and sell at all possible prices at a given time.
92
The people’s willingness to buy this grain is known as what?
demand
| Demand is the amount that consumers are able and willing to buy at all possible prices at a given time.
93
Wu-Ti wanted to improve transportation in China. To do that, he spent money to repair canals and roads. That meant that he could not save this money. Not saving money but spending it instead represents what?
opportunity cost
| An opportunity cost is the next best choice that you give up.
94
A peasant who exchanges vegetables he had grown for cloth a village woman wove is doing what?
bartering
| Bartering is trading goods and services without using money.
95
A peasant who pays money to a person in order to buy woven cloth or other goods or services is doing what?
trading
| Trade uses money to obtain goods and services.
96
A person who starts a business is known as what?
entrepreneur
| Entrepreneurs take the risk of producing a product or starting a new business.
97
How did the Han Dynasty differ from the Qin dynasty?
changed some of the harsh policies that he rebelled against. He reduced taxes on peasants. He eased Legalist policies. He appointed Confucian scholars as his advisors.
