Mod 5A2

Question 1

Placental mammals:

Answer 1

In placental mammals, the embryo grows inside the uterus, and a placenta allows nutrients and oxygen to be supplied and wastes to be removed via the mothers blood (the umbilical cord).
Offspring are more developed.

Question 2

Marsupials

Answer 2

They give birth to tiny, partially developed babies that continue to develop after birth, typically inside the mother’s pouch.

Question 3

Monotremes

Answer 3

Monotremes lay soft-shelled eggs from which a very small puggle (baby) emerges and continues to grow and be nourished by the mothers milk.

Question 4

What type of fertilisation occurs in all mammals?

Answer 4

Internal fertilisation

Question 5

What are follicles and where are they located?

Answer 5

Hollow balls of cells with an immature egg in the centre.

Follicles are located in the ovary.

Question 6

What two cycles occur in females at the same time?

Answer 6

Ovulation and menstruation

Question 7

What is the Corpus Luteum?

Answer 7

An endocrine structure in females existing within the ovary once the ovarian follicle has released a mature ovum during ovulation

Question 8

Follicle:

Answer 8

A small sac found in the ovary that contains one immature egg cell. As this structure grows and matures, it releases oestrogen.

Question 9

Ovary

Answer 9

A female reproductive organ that contains many follicles. Each of these follicles contains one immature egg cell inside of it.

Question 10

Corpus Luteum:

Answer 10

This structure develops after a follicle ruptures and releases an egg during ovulation. It releases oestrogen and progesterone

Question 11

Menstruation:

Answer 11

The process in which the endometrium (uterine lining) disintegrates, resulting in menstrual bleeding out of the vagina

Question 12

Endometrium:

Answer 12

The tissue that lines the mammalian uterus. A fertilised egg implants into this lining.

Question 13

Oestrogen

Answer 13

A hormone produced by either a mature follicle or the corpus luteum. It stimulates the endometrium (uterine lining) to thicken

Question 14

Progesterone

Answer 14

A hormone produced in women by the corpus luteum. It helps to maintain the endometrium

Question 15

Follicular phase:

Answer 15

The first half of the ovarian cycle, characterised by one follicle maturing. Oestrogen levels rise up during this phase

Question 16

Luteal Phase:

Answer 16

The second half of the ovarian cycle, characterised by the corpus lutueum producing oestrogen and progesterone

Question 17

Hormones:

Answer 17

Chemical messengers that can travel in the bloodstream, These are often made of proteins or lipids

Question 18

Hypothalamus

Answer 18

Controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.

Question 19

What is Gonadotrophic Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Answer 19

The hormone releasing hormone released by the hypothalamus. It triggers the pituitary gland into releasing follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH)

Question 20

FSH - follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 20

Primarily responsible for stimulating follicles to grow in the ovary.

Question 21

LH - Luteinising Hormon

Answer 21

1. Causes the egg to burst out of the mature follicle (an event known as ovulation)
2. Causes the remnants of the burst follicle to form the corpus luteum

Question 22

Blastocyst

Answer 22

The clump of cells created by the zygote undergoing mitosis as it moves down the Fallopian tube