Mod 9&10: Posture/Balance

Question 1

describe postural alignment segments

Answer 1

cervical lordosis
thoracic kyphosis
lumbar lordosis
sacral kyphosis

Question 2

what muscles control lateral pelvic tilt? (2)

Answer 2

hip abductors & trunk lateral flexors

Question 3

Postural deviations seen from lateral view

Answer 3

forward head
inc/dec lordosis
rounded shoulders
ant/post pelvic tilt
genu recurvatum (hyperext)
excessive dorsi/plantarflexion

Question 4

Postural deviations seen from anterior/posterior view

Answer 4

tilted/rotated head
asymmetrical shoulders
femoral anteversion/retroversion
ext/int tibial torsion
genu varus/valgus at knee
thoracic/lumbar scoliosis

Question 5

Squat Assessment Compensations: valgus

Answer 5

weak hip abductors/extensors, tight adductors

Question 6

Squat Assessment Compensations: varus

Answer 6

weak hip extensors, dec. hip flexion ROM

Question 7

Squat Assessment Compensations: rounded low back

Answer 7

weak spinal erectors, tight abdominals & hamstrings

Question 8

Squat Assessment Compensations: excessive forward lean

Answer 8

tight plantarflexors & hip flexors, weak hip extensors & spinal erectors

Question 9

what 3 systems affect balance?

Answer 9

visual (info about speed of movement & light),
vestibular (orientation of head in space)
somatosensory (input from musc proprioceptors & relation of body part movements)

Question 10

what are 3 balance strategies?

Answer 10

ankle- small displacements
hip: larger displacement
step: largest displacement to inc BOS

Question 11

Risk factors for poor balance

Answer 11

advanced age, altered senses, dementia, depression, dizziness, history of falls, medications, neuro disease

Question 12

timed balance test where pt. gets up from chair, walks around and returns to chair; score 1-5

Answer 12

Get Up & Go Test

Question 13

balance test like “Get up & Go” but scored based on time

Answer 13

Timed Up & Go Test

Question 14

2 part test w/ Balance & Gait portions w/ 16 items to determine level of fall risk; can use AD*

Answer 14

Tinetti Assessment Tool

Question 15

balance test that assess pt’s performance of ADLs & functional activities; assess fall risk w/ scale; can’t use AD*

Answer 15

Berg Balance Test

Question 16

gait test with walking pattern on 4 quadrants w/ step over canes; timed test

Answer 16

Four Square Step Test

Question 17

balance test that tests vestibular, visual & PNS (for proprioception); test w/ eyes closed or open; normal- postural sway

Answer 17

Romberg Test

Question 18

balance test w/ 14 item clinical performance tests for sitting balance

Answer 18

Function in Sitting Test (FIST)

Question 19

Intervention: steady state of balance control in any position

Answer 19

static postural control

Question 20

Intervention: moving balance w/ weight shifts, reaching, stepping etc

Answer 20

dynamic postural control

Question 21

Intervention: proactive balance control using vision to predict movement, action or LOB

Answer 21

anticipatory movements

Question 22

Intervention: responding to external balance perturbations or on moveable platform

Answer 22

reactive balance control

Question 23

Intervention: standing on firm/compliant surface to test somatosensory system

Answer 23

sensory strategies

Question 24

Intervention: walking by changing speeds or BOS w/ reactive balance control

Answer 24

dynamic gait

Question 25

Intervention: imposes secondary task (motor or cognitive) w/ balance exercise

Answer 25

dual-task training

Question 26

Intervention: with use of AD (fall-risk training)

Answer 26

safety training