Mod Terms 1: Foundations & Basic Knowledge (10%) Flashcards
1
Q
t/f: a licensed vocational nurse is also known as a licensed practical nurse
A
true
2
Q
what are the 3 ways licensure can be given
A
examination, reciprocity, and endorsement
3
Q
what is the difference between licensure by examination and endorsement
A
endorsement is through a national board exam
4
Q
diagnostic testing, new pain s/s, and physical exams require
A
in-person physical evaluations
5
Q
following up on meds, chronic condition management, pt education, evaluation of minor concerns, follow up on new equipment, and discussing labs may be done through
A
telehealth appoinments
6
Q
describe the PATIENT-CENTERED MEDICAL HOME MODEL (PCMH)
A
PCP is head of team and all aspects of pt care are managed
7
Q
which healthcare model makes up most of US healthcare
A
fee for service
8
Q
describe FEE FOR SERVICE
A
every test/service has charge/fee schedule and the office bills the insurance which then charges pt predetermined amount
9
Q
describe VALUE-BASED PLANS
A
has quadruple aim with financial reward for keeping pts healthy stressing stress prevention and early intervention
10
Q
the US is slowly moving to this healthcare model
A
value-based plans
11
Q
what is the four parts of the quadruple aim of value-based plans
A
- improve pt outcomes
- improve pt satisfaction
- lower cost
- health care professional well-being
12
Q
what are the 3 types of managed care
A
HMO, PPO, POS
13
Q
define MANAGED CARE
A
healthcare for preset scheduled payments and coordinated care from network
14
Q
describe POINT OF SERVICE PLANS
A
- no PCPs
- self-refer to specialists
- cost depends on providers seen in plan’s panel
- lower medical costs for more limited choices
15
Q
t/f: POS plans offer lots of flexibility
A
true
16
Q
describe PREFERRED PROVIDER ORGANIZATIONS (PPOs)
A
- network gives a discounted fee and lots of flexibility
- no PCP
- self-refer to specialists
- see providers in and out of network
17
Q
t/f: PPOs are not more flexible than HMOs
A
false
18
Q
define HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION (HMO)
A
contract w/medical center or providers and fixed annuals characterized by referrals, precertification, and preauthorization
19
Q
define CAPITATION
A
payment per member/month based on factors and providers paid to keep pts healthy rather than encounters
20
Q
what does a partial/blended capitation mean
A
only some services are based on capitation
21
Q
what are some factors for capitation
A
age, race, sex, lifestyle, medical history, benefit design, expected usage is greater than pt visits
22
Q
acetaminophen, hydrocodone, and codeine are types of
A
analgesics
23
Q
esomeprazole, calcium carbonate, and famotidine are examples of
A
antacids/anti-ulcer
24
Q
amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole are examples of
A
antibiotics
25
ipratopium, dicyclomine, and hyoscyamine are examples of
anticholinergics
26
anticholinergics prevent
smooth muscle spasms
27
warfarin, heparin, and apixabin are examples of
anticoagulants
28
clonazepam, phenytoin, gabapetin are examples of
anticonvulsants
29
doxepin, fluoxetine, duloxetine, selegiline are examples of
antidepressants
30
bismuth subsalicylate, loperamide, diphenoxylate/atropine are examples of
antidiarrheals
31
metoclopramide and ondansetron are examples of
antiemetics
32
fluconazole, nystatin, and miconazole are examples of
antifungal
33
diphenhydramine, cetirizine, and loratadine are examples of
antihistamine
34
metoprolol, lisinopril, valsartan, and clonidine are examples of
antihypertensive
35
ibuprofen, celecoxib, and naproxen are examples of
anti-inflammatories
36
the purpose of antilipemic are to
reduce cholesterol
37
atorvastatin, fenofibrate, and cholestyramine are examples
antilipemics
38
topiramate, sumatriptan, rizatriptan, and zolmitriptan are examples of
antimigraines
39
alendronate, raloxifene, and calcitronin are examples of
anti-osteoporosis
40
the purpose of anti-osteoporosis agents
increase bone density
41
quetiapine, haloperidol, and risperidone are examples of
antipsychotics
42
acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and aspirin are examples of
antipyretics
43
cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol, and carisoprodol are examples of
skeletal/muscle relaxants
44
dextromethorphan, codeine, and guaifenesin are examples of
antitussives/expectorants
45
acyclovir, interferon, and oseltamivir are examples of
antivirals
46
the purpose of anxiolytics
reduce anxiety
47
clonazepam, diazepam, and lorazepam are examples of
anxiolytics
48
albuterol, isoproterenol, and theophylline are examples of
bronchodilators
49
methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, and lisdexamfetamine are examples of
central nervous system stimulants
50
medroxyprogesterone acetate, ethinyl estradiol, and drospirenone are examples of
contraceptives
51
pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, oxymetazoline are examples of
decongestants
52
furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, and bumetanide are examples of
diuretics
53
levothyroxine, insulin, desmopressin, and estrogen are examples of
hormone replacement
54
magnesium hydroxide, bisacodyl, and docusate sodium are examples of
laxatives/stool softeners
55
metformin, glyburide, and pioglitazone are examples of
oral hypoglemics
56
zolpidem, temazepam, and eszopiclone are examples of
sedatives/hypnotics
57
give examples of schedule 1 drugs
heroin, mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), marijuana
58
t/f: marijuana is not prosecuted in states it is legal
true
59
this schedule has high abuse and dangerous dependence
schedule 2
60
morphine, methadone, oxycodone, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, and amphetamine are which schedule of drugs
schedule II
61
t/f: schedule II drugs are refillable
false
62
this schedule has moderate-low abuse risk and dependence
schedule III
63
ketamine, anabolic steroids, acetaminophen w/codeine, and buprenorphine are examples of this schedule
schedule III
64
this schedule has low abuse risk and dependence
schedule IV
65
tramadol and benzodiazepines are examples of this class of drugs
schedule IV
66
diphenoxylate w/atropine, guaifenesin w/codeine, and pregabalin are examples of this type of schedule
schedule V
67
schedule III, IV, and V drugs cannot be refilled under these conditions
- > 6 months after prescription date
- > 5 times in 6 months
68
define THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS
desired effects
69
define SIDE EFFECTS
predictable, undesirable, and gen unavoidable and harmless reactions of body that can limit med's ability
70
define ADVERSE EFFECTS
unintended and harmful reactions preventing further use
71
define INDICATIONS
problems meds are prescribed for
72
define CONTRAINDICATIONS
sx/conditions making tx inadvisable or dangerous
73
define PRECAUTIONS
lesser risk problems needing monitoring
74
pt's with liver disease should not have
acetaminophen, phenytoin, fluconazole, bupropion, lisinopril, penicillin, erythromycin, rifampin, ritonavir, and losartan
75
MAOIs should not be mixed with
tyramine foods or other antidepressants
76
examples of tyramine foods
avocados, smoked meats, wine, most cheese
77
dextromethorphan, simvastatin, and sildenafil should not be mixed with
grapefruit juice
78
warfarin and oral contraceptives should not mix with
st john's wart
79
albuterol should not mix with
propranolol
80
warfarin should not mix with
aspirin
81
oral contraceptives should not mix with
most antibiotics
82
how many drops is in 1 mL
15
83
how many mL in 1 tsp
5
84
how many mL in 1 tbsp
15
85
how many mL is in 1 cup
240
86
how many mL is in 1 oz (2 tbsp)
30 mL
87
how many mL is in 1 pint
480 mL
88
how many mL is in 1 quart
960
89
how many mL is in 1 gallon
3830
90
how are creams administered
topical, vaginal, and rectal
91
how are drops administered
otic, ophthalmic, and nasal
92
how is dry powder administered
inhalaiton
93
how are emulsions administered
oral
94
how are ointments administered
topical, ophthalmic, otic, vaginal, and rectal
95
powders for reconstitution are administered by
IV, IM, SubQ, ID
96
solutions are administered by
oral, topical, vaginal, urethral, and rectal
97
suspensions are administered by
oral
98
how are tinctures administered
oral and topical
99
how are foams administered
vaginal
100
how are gels administered
oral, topical, and rectal
101
how are linimets administered
topical
102
how are lotions administered
topical
103
how are lozenges administered
oral
104
how are mists administered
inhalation and nasal
105
how are patches administered
topical
106
how are powders administered
topical
107
solid and fluid extracts are administered are by
oral
108
sprays are administered by
topical, nasal, inhalation, and sublingual
109
suppositories are administered via
vaginal and rectal
110
tablets are administered via
oral, buccal, vaginal, sublingual
111
what are the injection sites for IDs
skin of upper chest, forearms, and upper back
112
what are injection sites for IMs
deltoid, vastus lateralis, ventrogluteal
113
what are injection sites for SubQs
upper arms, abdomen, butt, upper outer thighs
114
list the rights of drug administration
pt, medication, dose, time, route, technique, documentation
115
medication should be checked when
getting meds, preparing, and putting away
116
what does the time right of drug administration mean
are there certain conditions required for administration
117
define the technique right of drug administration
proper method to administer via selected route
118
what should be documented after injection
date, time, quantity, strength, method, site, lot #, manufacturer, expiration date, pt outcome, effects
119
define PHARMOKINETICS
study of how meds move through body
120
what are the four components of pharmokinetics
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
121
what are factors for absorption
route, fat solubility, surface area, food
122
list the 6 primary nutrients
water, protein, carbs, fat, vitamins, minerals
123
how much of the body is water
50-80%
124
what is the gen recommended water intake
2-3 L
125
how much water is lost/day
1750-3000 mL
126
essential amino acids need to be
eaten
127
nonessential amino acids are able to be
made
128
conditional amino acids are
amino acids that become essential during stres/illness
129
give examples of simple carbohydrates
honey, sugar
130
give examples of complex carbohydrates
fruits, veggies, cereal, pasta, rice, beans, whole grain
131
purpose of fats
growth, cell structure, protein function, insulate & protect, prevent blood clots, control BP, energy
132
t/f: saturated fats raise cholesterol more than unsaturated
true
133
which vitamins are fat soluble
A, D, E, K
134
which vitamins are water soluble
B, folate, biotin, C, pantothenic acid
135
milk fat, meat, egg yolks, leafy veggies, fish oil, and orange & yellow produce are sources of
vitamin A
136
fish/meat/poultry, whole grains, seeds, nuts, years, avocados, and bananas are sources of
vitamin B
137
berries/citrus, green peppers, mangoes, broccoli, potatoes, cauliflower, and tomatoes are sources of
vitamin C
138
sunlight, fortified milk, eggs, fish, and liver are sources of
vitamin D
139
fortified cereal, nuts, vegetable oils, green & leafy veggies are examples of
vitamin E
140
green & leafy veggies, beans, asparagus, and legumes are sources of
folate
141
meat, grain, legumes, fruits, and veggies are sources of
patothenic acid
142
green & leafy veggies, dairy, grain, meat, eggs, and fruits are sources of
vitamin K
143
beef/pork, sardines, cheese, green olives, and sauerkraut are sources of
sodium
144
whole & skim milk, bananas, prunes, raisins are sources of
potassium
145
milk & milk products, meat, eggs, cereal, beans, fruits, veggies are sources of
calcium
146
milk, cheese, meat/poultry, nuts, legumes, and cereals are sources of
phosphorus
147
green leaves, nuts, cereal grains, and seafood are sources of
magnesium
148
soybean flour, beef, beans, peaches, and clams are sources of
iron
149
veggies are a good source of
zinc
150
seafood, iodized salt, and dairy are sources of
iodine
151
this vitamin promotes night vision, cell growth, and maintenance of skin and health
vitamin A
152
this vitamin aids in calcium absorption, bone & teeth health, and heart & nerve function
vitamin D
153
headaches, skin peeling, and bone thickening are sx of
vitamin A toxicity
154
kidney failure, metastatic calcification, and anorexia are sx of
vitamin D toxicity
155
this vitamin aids in cell protection and form blood cells
vitamin E
156
this vitamin aids in blood clotting & bone growth and reduces effectiveness of blood clotting meds
vitamin K
157
this vitamin aids in carb metabolism and heart/nerve/muscle function
vitamin B1
158
this vitamin aids in fat and protein metabolism
vitamin B2
159
this vitamin aids in carb and fat metabolism
vitamin B3
160
red itchy and tingling skin are sx of
vitamin B3
161
this vitamin aids in enzyme assistance in amino acid synthesis
vitamin B6
162
peripheral neuropathy is a sx of
vitamin B6 toxicity
163
this vitamin aids in protein & fat metanolism, nerve-cell maintenance, and cell development
vitamin B12
164
this vitamin aids in immunity, iron absorption, bone/muscle/vessel structure
vitamin C
165
this herbal supplement tx depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders but there is no research denying it as a placebo
st. john's wart
166
this herbal supplement tx menopause sx
black cohosh
167
t/f: melatonin can interfere w/conception
true
168
people should not take willow bark if they cannot tolerate
aspirin
169
willow bark is used for
pain relief
170
glucosamine sulfate promotes
healthy cartilage formation
171
Gingko Biloba promotes
increase memory and mental function by increasing blood flow to brain
172
what are the aspects/recommendations for a diet for someone who has chronic kidney disease
- limit salt/sodium
- cautious/limit protein
- protect heart
- minimize phosphorous intake
- control potassium level
173
people with celiac disease cannot have
wheat, barley, and rye
174
what are the diet recommendations for people who have diabetes
- several small nutrient-dense meals
- avoid food high in added sugars
- limit lots of carbs
- eat more fiber
175
list sx of anorexia
self starvation, perfectionism, extreme sensitivity to criticism, excessive fear of weight gain, >/= 15% weight loss, extreme control of behavior, amenorrhea, denial of hunger, excessive and ritualistic eatings, unrealistic image of self as obese
176
sx of bulimia nervosa
buying & consuming large amounts of food, purging, use bathroom immediately after eating, use laxatives & diuretics, weight constant while overeating, mood swings, depression & guilt after binging & purging
177
longterm bulimia nervosa leads to
esophagus lesions, erosion of tooth enamel, electrolyte & hormone imbalances
178
