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Y5 > ModC: Ophthalmology > Flashcards

ModC: Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

Age-related macular degeneration

A

ARMD
Wet or dry
Wet = rapid deterioration is rapid and distortion is key, tx is anti-VEGF intravitreal injections
Dry = Amsler chart used to monitor progression, no tx
RFs: female, smoking, age

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2
Q

Amaurosis fugax

A

Ophthalmic artery

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3
Q

Amblyopia

A

Aka lazy eye - eye is unable to build a strong link to the brain seen in 3% of children
Px: blurred vision & poor depth perception
Results in decreased visual acuity

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4
Q

Blepharitis

A

dry eye

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5
Q

Cataracts

A

eye

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6
Q

Chemical eye injury

A

eye

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7
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

subtypes: viral, bacterial

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8
Q

Ophthalmia neonanatorum

A

conjunctivitis

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9
Q

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis

A

conjunctivitis

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10
Q

Diabetic eye disease

A

Aka proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Microvascular

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11
Q

Corneal abrasion

A

cornea

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12
Q

Contact-lens associated keratitis

A

cornea

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13
Q

Exposure keratopathy

A

eye

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14
Q

Herpes simplex keratitis

A

eye

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15
Q

Dry eye

A

eye

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16
Q

Eyelid tumour

A

eye

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17
Q

Giant cell arteritis

A

AKA temporal

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18
Q

Glaucoma

A

open or closed angle

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19
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

CN palsy

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20
Q

CNIII palsy

A

Occulomotor

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21
Q

CNIV palsy

A

Trochlear

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22
Q

CNVI palsy

23
Q

Optic neuropathy

24
Q

Orbital cellulitis

25
Preseptal cellulitis
eye
26
Papilloedema
Optic disc swelling from raised intracranial pressure | Results in decreased visual acuity
27
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
eye
28
Myopia
refractive error Short sighted RF for retinal detachment (due to longer eyeball length making the retina thinner and more likely to tear and detach)
29
Hyperopia
refractive error
30
Astigmatism
refractive error
31
Presbyopia
refractive error
32
Retinal artery occlusion
Affects central retinal artery
33
Retinal detachment
Px: sudden loss of vision, floaters, myopic hx
34
Strabismus
Abnormal alignment of pupils (either cross-eyed appearance or one eye is more outwards, upwards or downwards) Due to oculomotor, trochlear or abducens nerve palsy
35
Thyroid eye disease
eye
36
Uveitis
Inflammation of middle layer of eye (uvea) Divided into anterior and posterior uveitis Causes: infection, injury, autoimmune/inflammatory disease Non-infectious uveitis tx: Adalimumab and dexamethasone
37
Photopsia
flashes
38
Floaters
Eye presentation associated with posterior vitreous detachment If associated with loss of vision, then floaters are associated with retinal detachment
39
Posterior vitreous detachment
Px: floaters, no loss of vision
40
Central serous retinopathy
eye
41
Painful red eye presentation
Subtarsal foreign body | Corneal foreign body
42
Subtarsal foreign body
Painful red eye presentation
43
Corneal foreign body
Painful red eye presentation
44
Intraocular foreign body
Medical emergency hence requires urgent referral to eye casualty
45
Panretinal photocoagulation
Tx for diabetic retinopathy Reduces number of hypoxic peripheral retinal photoreceptors producing VEGF to reduce oxygen consumption of retina and re-establish oxygen supply/demand balance May cause new blood vessels to regress SEs: poor peripheral vision, poor night vision (due to rod destruction)
46
Macular grid laser
laser type used?
47
Vitrectomy
Surgery
48
Intravitreal steroid implant injection (Ozurdex)
Implant that gradual releases Dexamethasone (glucocorticoid) over time then implant dissolves Reduces inflammation of retina and improves visual acuity Uses: diabetic macular oedema, macular oedema (secondary to retinal vein occlusion), non-infectious uveitis
49
Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections
Injections given intravitreal for wet age-related macular degeneration, not used for dry ARMD Blocks VEGF which encourages new blood vessel formation Can be used for diabetic retinopathy but too expensive hence, not cost effective (not licensed for NHS use)
50
Retinal vein occlusion
Complication: macular oedema (tx: Ozurdex)
51
Optical Coherence Tomography
Used to visualise any retinal, or macula impairment
52
Anisocoria
Unequal pupil size | Causes: direct trauma, concussion, bleeding in skull, optic neuritis, brain tumour, aneurysm, meningitis, seizure
53
Optic neuritis
Inflammation of optic nerve (CNII) Results in decreased visual acuity and pain Commonly seen multiple sclerosis (~50%) - may be 1st sign Symptoms: diminished vision, blurred vision, abnormal colour vision, eye pain, abnormal reaction to light Ix: visual acuity, MRI brain Tx: resolves on its own, or short course of prednisolone
54
Ptosis
Drooping or falling of upper eyelid

Y5 (7 decks)

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