MODE OF ACTION

Question 1

ALENDRONATE

MoA

Answer 1

Inhibits osteoclast mediated bone resorption by inhibiting the enzyme FPP synthase

Question 2

ATENOLOL

MoA

Answer 2

Binds to beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart and vascular smooth muscle, inhibiting sympathetic stimulation

Question 3

ATRACURIUM

MoA

Answer 3

Binds competitively with cholinergic receptor sites to antagonise acetylcholine action

Question 4

BENDRO-FLUMETHIAZIDE

MoA

Answer 4

Inhibits Cl reabsorption at early distal tubule, results in increase of Na, Cl and water excretion

Question 5

CEFUROXIME

MoA

Answer 5

Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis -> death due to lysis

Question 6

CELECOXIB

MoA

Answer 6

Inhibits Cox-2 cyclooxygenase -> inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

Question 7

CHLORAMPENICOL

MoA

Answer 7

Bacteriostatic – inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with substrate binding

Question 8

CICLOSPORIN

MoA

Answer 8

lymphocyte function

Binds to cytosolic protein, inhibiting calcineurin -> less inflammatory cytokine production

Question 9

CIPROFLOXACIN

MoA

Answer 9

Inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase enzyme -> prevents DNA replication so stops replication

Question 10

CO-AMOXICLAV

MoA

Answer 10

Beta-lactamase inhibitor + inhibits penicillin binding proteins -> inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

Question 11

DIAMORPHINE

MoA

Answer 11

Mu-opioid agonist

Acts on receptors in the CNS which produces an analgesic effect

Question 12

DALTEPARIN

MoA

Answer 12

Inhibits the formation of factor Xa and thrombin

Question 13

DOBUTAMINE

MoA

Answer 13

Directly stimulates Beta-1 receptors in the heart, increases myocardial contractility and stroke volume

Question 14

DOXAZOSIN

MoA

Answer 14

Inhibits postsynaptic alpha 1 adrenoceptors on vascular smooth muscle – peripheral vasodilation

Question 15

EPHEDRINE

MoA

Answer 15

Stimulation of adrenergic receptors

Increases noradrenaline action and release

Question 16

ERYTHROMICIN

MoA

Answer 16

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

Bacteriostatic/cidal dependent on dose

Question 17

ETHINYLESTRADIOL

MoA

Answer 17

Interaction with oestrogen receptors in target cells

Question 18

FUROSEMIDE

MoA

Answer 18

Inhibits water reabsorption in the nephron (blocks Na-K-Cl cotransporter)

Question 19

IPRATROPIUM

MoA

Answer 19

Blocks muscarinic ACh receptors, promoting cGMP degradation – reduces bronchoconstriction

Question 20

LOPERAMIDE

MoA

Answer 20

Acts on mu-opioid receptors in PNS -> slows intestinal motility
Doesn’t cross the BBB so can’t affect CNS

Question 21

METFORMIN

MoA

Answer 21

Decreases hepatic glucose production and intestinal glucose absorption
Improves insulin sensitivity

Question 22

METHOTREXATE

MoA

Answer 22

Cancer – inhibition of DHFR, inhibiting folate synthesis.

Arthritis – inhibition of purine metabolism = accumulation of adenosine = suppression of T cells

Question 23

OXYBUTININ

MoA

Answer 23

Antagonist of M1, 2 & 3 muscarinic ACh receptors

Decreases muscle spasms of the bladder

Question 24

PARACETAMOL

MoA

Answer 24

COX enzyme inhibition in CNS indirectly

Question 25

RAMIPRIL | MoA

Answer 25

Inhibit ACE activity Less Angiotensin II produced Less Bradykinin breakdown Relaxation of arterial smooth muscle

Question 26

RIFAMPICIN | MoA

Answer 26

Inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase enzyme – no RNA synthesis

Question 27

RIVAROXIBAN | MoA

Answer 27

Competitive irreversible inhibition of factor Xa. | Prevents thrombin formation

Question 28

SALMETEROL | MoA

Answer 28

Beta 2 stimulation causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

Question 29

SILDENAFIL | MoA

Answer 29

Increases cGMP to cause smooth muscle relaxation - vasodilation

Question 30

SUXAMETHONIUM | MoA

Answer 30

Mimics ACh at NM junction, with slow hydrolysis – prolongs depolarisation = NM blockade

Question 31

TAMSULOSIN | MoA

Answer 31

Selective A1 antagonist | Causes relaxation in smooth muscle = less resistance to urinary flow=less pain in BPH

Question 32

TRAMADOL | MoA

Answer 32

Agonist of mu-opioid receptors Serotonin & norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor Enhances serotonin release