Models of memory

Question 1

What is memory?

Answer 1

The storage and retrieval of information that is acquired through learning.

Question 2

What is encoding?

Answer 2

The process of converting a memory into a useable form to be stored and entered.

Question 3

What is storage?

Answer 3

retaining information so that over time it can be learned

Question 4

What is Retrieval?

Answer 4

locationg and recovering a stored bit of information (memory) so that it can be used when needed

Question 5

Acronym for ESR

Answer 5

Egg Spoon Race
encoding, storage, retrieval

Question 6

multistore model of memory

Answer 6

that when being encoded a memory will pass through three stages when being stored and retrieved.
External events → Sensory →(attention) STM → LTM

Question 7

Sensory memory

Answer 7

Is the entry point for new information, at this point the information is unencoded.
- Capacity is unlimited
- Duration is about 0.2 - 4 seconds ( each memory overlaps the other s we see the world as continuous.)
NOT CONSCIOUSLY AWARE however when attention is directed towards STM where can become aware.

Question 8

Iconic memory

Answer 8

visual sensory memory
Capacity - long enough for identification of stimulus
Duration - 0.33 of a second

Question 9

Short Term Memory - STM

Answer 9

working memory, helps remember while worked on
Duration - 12-30 seconds
Capacity is 7+or- 2 so around 5-9 pieces of information
Information is lost be fading

Question 10

Long Term Memory - LTM

Answer 10

where the information ( memory ) is encoded and stored, as long as correct cues are present then information can be retrieved.
Both duration and capacity is unlimited.

Question 11

Echoic Memory

Answer 11

• Auditory sensory memory
  has an important role in language comprehension, storage of sall sounds, which make words, so it can be processed as a whole.
• duration is from 3-4 seconds

Question 12

What is rehearsal

Answer 12

doing something so that information can be retained in memory then retrieved.

Question 13

Maintenance Rehearsal

Answer 13

Repetition of information so it is remembered so t can be retained. needs to be consciously remembered.

Question 14

Elaborative Rehearsal

Answer 14

making connections and attaching meaning between new memories and existing information, the new connections made will allow easier retrieval back into the STM.
each connection can act as a RETRIEVAL CUE

Question 15

What is chunking?

Answer 15

grouping items of information together into larger units so that it can be remembered together as a single unit.
C H U N K I N G
CHUNKING

Question 16

What is the serial position effect?

Answer 16

When receiving multiple pieces of information at once and only remember certain pieces being the first and last. This is due to the primary effect and recency effect. The primary effect being the first things you heard and the recency effect being the most recent pieces of info heard so therefore it replaces the other information in the STM.

Question 17

What are retrieval cues?

Answer 17

Connections between new and pre-existing information act as cues which help retrieval. The ability to locate the information back into the neocortex and retrieve it back into the STM is enhanced and improved. Eg. smells that are similar that remind us of previous experiences which help retrieve those memories.