Models - Stakeholders

Question 1

What does salience mean?

Answer 1

prominent, noticeable, or perceived as important

Question 2

Ronald Kitchell, Bradley Agle, and Donna Wood introduced what model?

Answer 2

the salience model of stakeholder classification

Question 3

What is the purpose of the salience model?

Answer 3

Helps to identify the prominence of stakeholders by classifying them. While POWER is a crucial factor in stakeholder salience, the legitimacy and urgency also play a part. There may be stakeholders who do not have power, but still matter to the organization and the project.

Question 4

When is the salience model used?

Answer 4

For projects that have a large number of stakeholders and/or that have complex level of stakeholders. The salience model is used during stakeholder analysis.

Question 5

In the salience model, stakeholder identification is based on what three variables/attributes?

Answer 5

1. POWER to influence
2. LEGITIMACY of the stakeholders relationship with the project
3. URGENCY of the stakeholders engagement

Question 6

Urgency is based on what 2 attributes?

Answer 6

1. time sensitivity - when the stakeholder’s need is time sensitive.
2. criticality - when the need is critical / important to the stakeholder

Question 7

When is the salience model applied?

Answer 7

large and complex projects

Question 8

Power + Legitimacy = ?

Answer 8

Authority

Question 9

By adding urgency to the model the stakeholders relationship mover from being …… to ……?

Answer 9

static to dynamic (3 Dimensional)

Question 10

What are the 8 (9) different types of stakeholder represented in the salience model?

Answer 10

dangerous
demanding
definitive
dependent
discretionary
dominant
dormant
expectant

Salience Model of Stakeholder Classification

Question 11

Those who possess on one of the three main attributes of power, legitimacy or urgency are known as?

Answer 11

Latent Stakeholders
Not likely to give much attention or acknowledgement to the project. Usually have a passive stance.
3 types (dormant, discretionary, demanding)

Question 12

Stakeholders who only possess power but have no legitimac or urgency are known as?

Answer 12

Dormant stakeholders (latent)
Monitor
Do not require active engagement but need to be recognized

Question 13

Stakeholders who are legitimate, but have no power, and interests are not urgent are known as?

Answer 13

Discretionary Stakeholders (latent)
Monitor
Likely no attention needed

Question 14

Stakeholders who have urgent demands, but no power or legitimacy are known as?

Answer 14

Demanding Stakeholders (latent)
Monitor
Unlikely to command attention without power and legitimacy, they create “noise” but are not dangerous

Question 15

Stakeholders who possess any 2 of the 3 attributes are known as?

Answer 15

Expectant Stakeholders
Usually have an active stnace and expect something - require active engagement
3 types (dominant, dependent, dangerous)

Question 16

Dominant, dependent and dangerous are three types of what type of stakeholder?

Answer 16

Expectant Stakeholders

Question 17

Stakeholders that possess both power and legitimacy, but no urgency are known as?

Answer 17

Dominant Stakeholders (expectant)
Keep Satisfied
These are stakeholders that matter and need active engagement and strategy to manage.
Ex: government

Question 18

Stakeholders that lack power but have urgent and legitimate stakes in the project are known as?

Answer 18

Dependent Stakeholders (expectant)
Keep Informed
They depend on other powerful stakheolders to uphold their interests. Although they lack power they can form coalitions with other groups to achieve power.
Ex: non-profit NGOs

Question 19

Stakeholders who posses power and urgency but do not possess ligitimacy to thier claims are considered …..?

Answer 19

Dangerous Stakeholders (expectant)
Keep Informed
The can be coercive or even violent. They need to be recognized and risk mitigation plans devised.
Ex: local mafia, terrorists

Question 20

Stakeholders who possess power, legitimacy, and urgency are known as?

Answer 20

Definitive Stakeholders
Manage closely
They demand the utmost attention and need to be attended to in a timely manner.
Ex: stockholders of a company

Question 21

Entities with no power, legitimacy or urgency are know as?

Answer 21

Non-stakeholders or Potential Stakeholders

Question 22

What are 4 Stakeholder Management Strategies?

Answer 22

1. Manage closely
2. Keep satisified
3. Keep informed
4. Monitor

Question 23

Which stakeholders should be managed closely according to the salience model?

Answer 23

Definitive stakholders (possess all three attributes)

Question 24

Which stakeholders should be kept satisified according to the salience model?

Answer 24

Dominant and Dangerous stakeholders

Question 25

Which stakeholders should be **kept informed** according to the salience model?

Answer 25

Dependent stakeholders

Question 26

Which stakeholders should be **monitored** according to the salience model?

Answer 26

Dormant, Discretionary, Demanding Stakeholders

Question 27

Limits of the salience mode?

Answer 27

* Subjective - attitude toward the stakeholder may differ based on his/her culture and values * attributes are either present or absent - may possess various levels of each * other attributes may be influential that are not captured

Question 28

Power / Interest, Power / Influence and Impact / Influence are all?

Answer 28

Grid-based stakeholder models used for small projects or projects with simple stakeholder relationships.

Question 29

In 2D grids - what are the four general engagement protocols?

Answer 29

1. Manage closely 2. Keep Satisfied 3. Educate 4. Monitor

Question 30

In a 2D model which stakeholders do you **Manage Closely**?

Answer 30

High Power, High Interest Manage closely, collaborate, and involve in decision-making.

Question 31

In a 2D model which stakeholders do you **Keep Satisfied**?

Answer 31

High Power, Low Interest Keep satisfied, inform proactively and address concerns

Question 32

In a 2D model which stakeholders do you **Educate**?

Answer 32

Low Power, High Interest Educate, listen to feedback, and address anxieties

Question 33

In a 2D model which stakeholders do you **Monitor**?

Answer 33

Low Power, Low Interest Monitor, provide basic updates, and communicate minimally

Question 34

What are the three dimensions of a Stakeholder Cube?

Answer 34

1. Power 2. Interest 3. Attitude

Question 35

What are 4 directions of influence that stakeholders can be classified into?

Answer 35

1. Upward 2. Downward 3. Outward 4. Sideward

Question 36

Senior management, sponsor, and steering committee members are considered to have what direction of influence?

Answer 36

Upward

Question 37

Project team members and experts working on the project are considered to have what direction of influence?

Answer 37

Downward

Question 38

Suppliers, government agencies, regulators, public and end users are considered to have what direction of influence?

Answer 38

Outward

Question 39

Peers such as other project managers and functional managers are considered to have what direction of influence?

Answer 39

Sideward

Question 40

Prioritizing stakeholders may be necessary when? | 3 points

Answer 40

1. large number of stakeholders are involved 2. stakeholders are changing rapidly 3. relationship with stakeholders is complex