Modern Biology Flashcards - L2_ Virus and Bacteria

Question 1

Viruses are measured in what?

Answer 1

millimicrons (mu)

Question 2

Who gave the first vaccination for smallpox?

Answer 2

Edward Jenner (1796)

Question 3

Who first developed the vaccination for rabies?

Answer 3

Louis Pasteur

Question 4

Who coined the term ‘virus’?

Answer 4

Martinus Beijerinck

Question 5

virus’ came from the Latin word meaning __

Answer 5

poison

Question 6

Who first discovered the existence of viruses?

Answer 6

Dr. Wendell Stanley (1935)

Question 7

any cell attacked by a virus.

Answer 7

Host Cell

Question 8

It refers to the strength of the virus

Answer 8

virulence

Question 9

Classification of Viruses

Answer 9

Bacterial, Plant, Human and Animal Viruses

Question 10

They have round or many-sided heads, and slender tails with several fibers for attaching to bacteria.

Answer 10

Bacteriophages (bacteria eater)

Question 11

When and where was the first discovery of phages

Answer 11

England, 1915

Question 12

It refers to the protein coat in the core of bacteriophages

Answer 12

Capsid

Question 13

They received the Nobel prize for their work showing that cancer viruses make an enzyme that affects human DNA.

Answer 13

Temin, Baltimore, and Dulbecco (1975)

Question 14

They may have been the first form of life on earth.

Answer 14

Bacteria

Question 15

a center for making alcohol by fermentation of the juice of sugar beets.

Answer 15

City of Lille

Question 16

Louis Pasteur’s most important discovery

Answer 16

Germ Theory

Question 17

According to this theory, bacteria could not only affect fermentation but could cause diseases.

Answer 17

Germ Theory

Question 18

bacteria make up the protist phylum ____

Answer 18

Schizomycophyta

Question 19

Schizomycophyta’ means ___

Answer 19

fission fungi

Question 20

Basic Shapes/Forms of Bacteria

Answer 20

Coccus, bacillus, spirillum

Question 21

sphere-shaped cells

Answer 21

coccus

Question 22

rod-shaped cells

Answer 22

bacillus

Question 23

cells shaped like bent rods or corkscrews.

Answer 23

sprillum

Question 24

cells often joined in pairs or short filaments

Answer 24

diplococcus

Question 25

clusters of cells

Answer 25

staphylococcus

Question 26

filaments, or strings, of cells

Answer 26

streptococcus

Question 27

four cells arranged in a square

Answer 27

tetrad

Question 28

cubes or similar groups of cells

Answer 28

sarcina

Question 29

rod-shaped cells in pairs

Answer 29

diplobacillus

Question 30

rod-shaped cells joined end to end, forming a filament

Answer 30

streptobacillus

Question 31

Refers to the thick slime layer in bacteria

Answer 31

Capsule

Question 32

Certain bacillus and spirillum bacteria move by means of ___

Answer 32

Flagella

Question 33

True movement, ___, by means of flagella is a quivering, twisting motion.

Answer 33

Motility

Question 34

flowing or bouncing motion of bacteria

Answer 34

Brownian Movement

Question 35

Conditions most important to bacteria for normal activity

Answer 35

Temperature, Moisture, Darkness, Food

Question 36

Organisms that are able to make their own food from inorganic matter

Answer 36

Autotrophs

Question 37

Process of producing energy by breaking down inorganic compounds of iron, sulfur, or nitrogen.

Answer 37

Chemosynthesis

Question 38

Organisms that depend upon other living things for food

Answer 38

Heterotrophs

Question 39

they use nonliving or dead organic matter for food.

Answer 39

Saprophytes

Question 40

These forms invade the bodies of plants and animals and take their food directly from living tissue.

Answer 40

Parasite

Question 41

The organism invaded by a parasite

Answer 41

host

Question 42

It involves heating liquids at high temperatures to kill bacteria

Answer 42

Pasteurization

Question 43

A method that involves killing all bacteria present, then sealing the food in a container.

Answer 43

Canning