Modern Canada Flashcards
(52 cards)
Postwar Canada
Postwar Canada enjoyed record prosperity and material
progress. The world’s restrictive trading policies in the
Depression era were opened up by such treaties as the
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), now the
World Trade Organization (WTO).
what began Canada’s modern energy industry
The discovery of oil in
Alberta in 1947 began Canada’s modern energy industry. In
1951, for the first time, a majority of Canadians were able to
afford adequate food, shelter and clothing.
Today, Canadians economy
Between 1945 and
1970, as Canada drew closer to the United States and other
trading partners, the country enjoyed one of the strongest
economies among industrialized nations. Today, Canadians
enjoy one of the world’s highest standards of living—
maintained by the hard work of Canadians and by trade with
other nations, in particular the United States.
Canada support in social assistance programs
As prosperity grew, so did the ability to support social
assistance programs. The Canada Health Act ensures
common elements and a basic standard of coverage.
Unemployment insurance (now called “employment insurance”)
was introduced by the federal government in 1940. Old Age
Security was devised as early as 1927, and the Canada and
Quebec Pension Plans in 1965. Publicly funded education is
provided by the provinces and territories.
how Cold War began
The Cold War began when several liberated countries of
eastern Europe became part of a Communist bloc controlled by
the Soviet Union under the dictator Josef Stalin.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
The Cold War began when several liberated countries of
eastern Europe became part of a Communist bloc controlled by
the Soviet Union under the dictator Josef Stalin. Canada joined
with other democratic countries of the West to form the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), a military alliance, and
with the United States in the North American Aerospace
Defence Command (NORAD).
North American Aerospace Defence Command (NORAD)
The Cold War began when several liberated countries of
eastern Europe became part of a Communist bloc controlled by
the Soviet Union under the dictator Josef Stalin. Canada joined
with other democratic countries of the West to form the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), a military alliance, and
with the United States in the North American Aerospace
Defence Command (NORAD).
Canada’s activity in UN
Canada joined international organizations such as the United
Nations (UN). It participated in the UN operation defending
South Korea in the Korean War (1950–53), with 500 dead and
1,000 wounded. Canada has taken part in numerous UN
peacekeeping missions in places as varied as Egypt, Cyprus
and Haiti, as well as in other international security operations
such as those in the former Yugoslavia and Afghanistan.
The Quiet Revolution
French-Canadian society and culture flourished in the postwar
years. Quebec experienced an era of rapid change in the
1960s known as the Quiet Revolution. Many Quebecers sought
to separate from Canada. In 1963 Parliament established the
Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism.
Official Languages Act (1969)
French-Canadian society and culture flourished in the postwar
years. Quebec experienced an era of rapid change in the
1960s known as the Quiet Revolution. Many Quebecers sought
to separate from Canada. In 1963 Parliament established the
Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism. This led
to the Official Languages Act (1969), which guarantees French
and English services in the federal government across Canada.
La Francophonie
In 1970, Canada helped found La Francophonie, an
international association of French-speaking countries
what happened to Quebec sovereignty
The movement for Quebec sovereignty gained strength but
was defeated in a referendum in the province in 1980. After
much negotiation, in 1982 the Constitution was amended
without the agreement of Quebec. Though sovereignty was
again defeated in a second referendum in 1995, the autonomy
of Quebec within Canada remains a lively topic—part of the
dynamic that continues to shape our country.
A CHANGING SOCIETY
As social values changed over more than 50 years, Canada
became a more flexible and open society. Many took
advantage of expanding secondary and postsecondary
educational opportunities and a growing number of women
entered the professional work force.
when Japanese- Canadians and Aboriginal started to vote
the vote in federal and provincial elections. In 1948 the last of
these, the Japanese- Canadians, gained the right to vote.
Aboriginal people were granted the vote in 1960
who can vote today
every citizen over the age of 18 may vote.
Did Canada welcome thousands of refugees from Communist
oppression
Canada welcomed thousands of refugees from Communist
oppression, including about 37,000 who escaped Soviet
tyranny in Hungary in 1956. With the Communist victory in the
Vietnam War in 1975, many Vietnamese fled, including over
50,000 who sought refuge in Canada.
Canada’s diversity
The idea of multiculturalism, as a result of 19th- and 20thcentury
immigration, gained a new impetus. By the 1960s, onethird
of Canadians had origins that were neither British nor
French, and took pride in preserving their distinct culture in the
Canadian fabric. Today, diversity enriches Canadians’ lives,
particularly in our cities.
ARTS AND CULTURE IN CANADA
Canadian artists have a long history of achievement in which
Canadians take pride. Artists from all regions reflect and define
our culture and forms of creative expression and have
achieved greatness both at home and abroad.
Canadians have made significant contributions to literature in
English and in French. Novelists, poets, historians, educators
and musicians have had a significant cultural impact.
Canada has a long and respected performing arts history, with
a network of regional theatres and world-renowned performing
arts companies.
name men and women of letters
Stephen Leacock, Louis Hémon, Sir
Charles G.D. Roberts, Pauline Johnson, Émile Nelligan,
Robertson Davies, Margaret Laurence and Mordecai Richler.
name Musicians
Sir Ernest MacMillan and Healey Willan won
renown in Canada and abroad
name writers
Writers such as Joy Kogawa,
Michael Ondaatje and Rohinton Mistry have diversified
Canada’s literary experience.
In the visual arts, what is Canada best known for
In the visual arts, Canada is historically perhaps best known for
the Group of Seven, founded in 1920, who developed a style of
painting to capture the rugged wilderness landscapes
who painted the forests and Aboriginal artifacts of the West
Coast
Emily Carr painted the forests and Aboriginal artifacts of the West
Coast.
who were pioneers of modern abstract art
Les Automatistes of Quebec were pioneers of modern
abstract art in the 1950s, most notably Jean-Paul Riopelle.
