Names Flashcards
(102 cards)
Magna Carta
Great Charter of Freedoms
Habeas corpus
the right to challenge unlawful detention by the state, comes from English common law
British North America Act
original constitutional document in 1867
Royal Proclamation of 1763
Territorial rights were first guaranteed through the Royal
Proclamation of 1763 by King George III, and established the
basis for negotiating treaties with the newcomers
John Buchan
John Buchan, the 1st Baron Tweedsmuir, was a popular
Governor General of Canada (1935-40). Immigrant groups, he
said, “should retain their individuality and each make its
contribution to the national character.” Each could learn “from
the other, and … while they cherish their own special loyalties
and traditions, they cherish not less that new loyalty and
tradition which springs from their union.” (Canadian Club of
Halifax, 1937). The 15th Governor General is shown here in
Blood (Kainai First Nation) headdress.
Great Upheaval
The Acadians are the descendants of French colonists who
began settling in what are now the Maritime provinces in 1604.
Between 1755 and 1763, during the war between Britain and
France, more than two-thirds of the Acadians were deported
from their homeland. Despite this ordeal, known as the “Great
Upheaval,” the Acadians survived and maintained their unique
identity. Today, Acadian culture is flourishing and is a lively part
of French-speaking Canada.
John Cabot
an Italian immigrant to England,
was the first to map Canada’s Atlantic shore, setting foot on
Newfoundland or Cape Breton Island in 1497 and claiming the
New Founde Land for England. English settlement did not
begin until 1610
European exploration began in earnest in 1497 with the
expedition of John Cabot, who was the first to draw a map of
Canada’s East Coast.
l’Anse aux Meadows
The Vikings from Iceland who colonized Greenland 1,000 years
ago also reached Labrador and the island of Newfoundland.
The remains of their settlement, l’Anse aux Meadows, are a
World Heritage site.
Jacques Cartier
Between 1534 and 1542, Jacques Cartier made three voyages
across the Atlantic, claiming the land for King Francis I of
France. Cartier heard two captured guides speak the Iroquoian
word kanata, meaning “village.” By the 1550s, the name of
Canada began appearing on maps.
Jacques Cartier was the first European to explore the
St. Lawrence River and to set eyes on present-day Québec
City and Montreal
Pierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlain
In 1604, the first European settlement north of Florida was
established by French explorers Pierre de Monts and Samuel
de Champlain, first on St. Croix Island (in present-day Maine),
then at Port-Royal, in Acadia (present-day Nova Scotia). In
1608 Champlain built a fortress at what is now Québec City.
The colonists struggled against a harsh climate. Champlain
allied the colony with the Algonquin, Montagnais, and Huron,
historic enemies of the Iroquois, a confederation of five (later
six) First Nations who battled with the French settlements for a
century. The French and the Iroquois made peace in 1701.
Battle of the Plains of Abraham
In 1759, the British defeated the
French in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham at Québec City —
marking the end of France’s empire in America
Brigadier James Wolfe and the
Marquis de Montcalm
In 1759, the British defeated the
French in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham at Québec City —
marking the end of France’s empire in America. The
commanders of both armies, Brigadier James Wolfe and the
Marquis de Montcalm, were killed leading their troops in battle.
Quebec Act of 1774
To better govern the French Roman Catholic majority, the
British Parliament passed the Quebec Act of 1774. One of the
constitutional foundations of Canada, the Quebec Act
accommodated the principles of British institutions to the reality
of the province. It allowed religious freedom for Catholics and
permitted them to hold public office, a practice not then allowed
in Britain. The Quebec Act restored French civil law while
maintaining British criminal law.
Joseph Brant
In 1776, the 13 British colonies to the south of Quebec
declared independence and formed the United States. North
America was again divided by war. More than 40,000 people
loyal to the Crown, called “Loyalists,” fled the oppression of the
American Revolution to settle in Nova Scotia and Quebec.
Joseph Brant led thousands of Loyalist Mohawk Indians into
Canada. The Loyalists came from Dutch, German, British,
Scandinavian, Aboriginal and other origins and from
Presbyterian, Anglican, Baptist, Methodist, Jewish, Quaker,
and Catholic religious backgrounds.
Sierra Leone
About 3,000 black
Loyalists, freedmen and slaves, came north seeking a better
life. In turn, in 1792, some black Nova Scotians, who were
given poor land, moved on to establish Freetown, Sierra Leone
(West Africa), a new British colony for freed slaves.
Pierre Le Moyne,
Sieur d’Iberville
Pierre Le Moyne,
Sieur d’Iberville, was a great hero of New France, winning
many victories over the English, from James Bay in the north to
Nevis in the Caribbean, in the late 17th and early 18th
centuries.
Count Frontenac
Count Frontenac refused to
surrender Quebec to the English in 1690, saying: “My only
reply will be from the mouths of my cannons!”
Sir Guy Carleton
Sir Guy Carleton (Lord Dorchester), as Governor of
Quebec, defended the rights of the Canadiens, defeated an
American military invasion of Quebec in 1775, and supervised
the Loyalist migration to Nova Scotia and Quebec in 1782-83.
The Constitutional Act of 1791
The Constitutional Act of 1791 divided the
Province of Quebec into Upper Canada (later Ontario), which
was mainly Loyalist, Protestant and English-speaking, and
Lower Canada (later Quebec), heavily Catholic and Frenchspeaking.
Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe
The first movement to abolish the
transatlantic slave trade emerged in the British Parliament in
the late 1700s. In 1793, Upper Canada, led by Lieutenant
Governor John Graves Simcoe, a Loyalist military officer,
became the first province in the Empire to move toward
abolition.
Lieutenant Colonel John Graves
Simcoe was Upper Canada’s first Lieutenant Governor and
founder of the City of York (now Toronto). Simcoe also made
Upper Canada the first province in the British Empire to abolish
slavery.
the North Star
Thousands of slaves escaped from the United
States, followed “the North Star” and settled in Canada via the
Underground Railroad, a Christian anti-slavery network
Mary Ann (Shadd) Carey
Mary Ann (Shadd) Carey was an outspoken activist in
the movement to abolish slavery in the U.S.A. In 1853 she
became the first woman publisher in Canada, helping to found
and edit The Provincial Freeman, a weekly newspaper
dedicated to anti-slavery, black immigration to Canada,
temperance (urging people to drink less alcohol) and upholding
British rule.
The Provincial Freeman
a weekly newspaper
dedicated to anti-slavery, black immigration to Canada,
temperance (urging people to drink less alcohol) and upholding
British rule.
where Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated
Battle of Trafalgar (1805)
