Mods 23-26 Quiz

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

persistence of learning overtime through storage & retrieval of information

Question 2

3 Stages of Processing Memory (Atkinson & Shiffrin)

Answer 2

1). ENCODING - processing info into memory system
2). STORAGE - retention of encoded info over time
3). RETRIEVAL - process of getting info out of memory

Question 3

Flashbulb Memory

Answer 3

a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event

Question 4

Prospective Memory

Answer 4

the ability to remember to do something in the future

Question 5

Sensory Memory

Answer 5

the immediate, inital recording of sensory info in the memory system

Question 6

Working Memory

Answer 6

the processing of briefly stored info.

Question 7

Self Reference Effect (SRE)

Answer 7

memory advantage for material personally related to you

Question 8

Automatic Processing (ENCODING)

Answer 8

unconscious encoding of incidental information (space, time, frequency, well-learned info, hear/read familiar words)

Question 9

Effortful Processing (ENCODING)

Answer 9

requires attention & conscious effort to encode info

Question 10

Rehearsal

Answer 10

conscious repetition of info to encode and maintain it in consciousness

Question 11

Spacing Effect

Answer 11

distributed practice yields better long-term retention than massed practice

Question 12

Serial Pos. Effect

Answer 12

presidential activity

Question 13

Acoustic Encoding

Answer 13

encoding of sound

Question 14

Semantic Encoding

Answer 14

encoding of meaning

Question 15

Visual Encoding

Answer 15

encoding of images

Question 16

Rosy Retrospection

Answer 16

recalling high points of event while forgetting low points

Question 17

Ebbinghaus

Answer 17

if something is meaningul…it takes less time to encode it (mnemonics)

Question 18

Chunking

Answer 18

organizing items into familiar, manageable units

Question 19

Hierarchies

Answer 19

info broken down into broad concepts and further subdivided into categories

Question 20

Iconic Memory

Answer 20

a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli

Question 21

Echoic Memory

Answer 21

momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli

Question 22

Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)

Answer 22

increase in synapse’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation; strong emotions = strong memories; prolonged stress = degraded memory

Question 23

Amnesia

Answer 23

loss of memory (can forget: facts, info, experiences) – NOT WHO YOU ARE

Question 24

Explicit Memory (Declarative)

Answer 24

memory of facts, experiences, and info

Question 25

Implicit Memory (Procedural)

Answer 25

retention w/o conscious recollection (unconscious memories)

Question 26

Recall

Answer 26

measure of memory in which the person must retrieve info learned (e.g. fill-in-the-blank)

Question 27

Recognition

Answer 27

measure of memory in which the person has only to identify items already learned (e.g. multiple choice)

Question 28

Relearning

Answer 28

memory mesure that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material a second time

Question 29

Context Effects

Answer 29

put yourself back in the context where you experienced something (RETRIEVAL CLUES)

Question 30

Deja Vu

Answer 30

already seen; current situation may be loaded w/ cues that unconsciously retrieve earlier experiences pseudoscience

Question 31

Mood-Congruent Memory

Answer 31

tendency to recall experiences that are consistent w/ one’s current mood

Question 32

State-Dependent Memory

Answer 32

what is learned in one state can more easily be remembered when in the same state

Question 33

3 Sins of Forgetting

Answer 33

• Absent Mindedness: inattention to details produces encoding failure
• Transience - storage decay over time
• Blocking - inaccessibility of stored info

Question 34

3 Sins of Distortion

Answer 34

• Misattribution: confusing the source of the info
• Suggestibility: effects of misinformation
• Bias: belief-colored recollections

Question 35

Last Sin of Memory (7th)

Answer 35

Persistence: unwanted memories

Question 36

Proactive Interference

Answer 36

prior learning interferes with new

Question 37

Retroactive Interference

Answer 37

new learning interferes with old

Question 38

What parts of the brain are active during memory?

Answer 38

Hippocampus & frontal lobes (cerebellum is involved in implicit memory)

Question 39

Damage to left brain = ?

Answer 39

verbal info loss

Question 40

Damage to right brain = ?

Answer 40

visual designs/locations loss

Question 41

Retrieval Clues

Answer 41

Effects on retrieval helps explain why moods persist

Question 42

When can forgetting happen?

Answer 42

At ANY memory stage!