Modul 16 pt 2

Question 1

What is the term used for blood flowing through body tissues?

Answer 1

Tissue Perfusion

Question 2

What is the purpose of Tissue perfusion?

Answer 2

Delivery of Oxygen and nutrients

& the removal of CO2 and metabolic waste

Question 3

Blood flow is also really important in what three functions?

Answer 3

Gas exchange in lungs
Nutrient absorption in GI tract
Urine formation in Kidneys

Question 4

What is the term used for automatic blood flow to each tissue in proportion to its requirement at any given time?

Answer 4

Autoregulation

Question 5

What does autoregulation do?

Answer 5

Changes arterial diameters

Question 6

What are two types of short termed auto-regulation of tissue perfusion?

Answer 6

Myogenic control

Metabolic control

Question 7

The vasodilation of arterioles and relaxation of pre capillary sphincters during decline of O2 and substances in metabolic active tissue

Answer 7

Metabolic Control

Question 8

What is the major factor in Metabolic control that causes vasodilation?

Answer 8

NO (nitric oxide)

Question 9

This is the most potent vasoconstrictor known that aids in metabolic control

Answer 9

Endothelins

Question 10

This short term control is responses of smooth muscle that keeps tissue perfusion constant despite tissue pressure

Answer 10

Myogenic control

Question 11

How does the myogenic control keep pressure constant?

Answer 11

Passive stretch

Reduced stretch

Question 12

Vasoconstriction in metabolic situations is due to sympathetic ______ and ________.

Answer 12

Stimulation

Endothelins

Question 13

How does passive stretch promote increased tone and vasoconstriction?

Answer 13

It is increased intravascular pressure

Question 14

What does reduced stretch promote?

Answer 14

Vasodilation that increases blood flow to tissues

Question 15

What is a long-term regulation that occurs when short-term regulation cannot meet tissue nurtrient requirements?

Answer 15

Angiogenesis

Question 16

What does angiogenesis do?

Answer 16

Increases the number of vessels in a certain area and increases existing vessels to enlarge

Question 17

Where is angiogensis common?

Answer 17

In the heart when a coronary vessel is occluded (blocked)

Question 18

What short term regulation dominates in skeletal muscle?

Answer 18

Myogenic

Question 19

During muscle activity, blood flow increases in direct proportion to the ______

Answer 19

exercise or metabolic activity

Question 20

Blood flow to the brain is _____ as neurons are intolerant of ischemia (restriction of blood supply to vessels)

Answer 20

Constant

Question 21

What are the main metabolic controls of the brain?

Answer 21

Decline of pH

increased CO2 or Vasodilation

Question 22

What are the Myogenic controls of the brain?

Answer 22

Decrease and Increase in MAP

causes cerebral vessels to constrict and dilate

Question 23

The brain is vunerable under extreme ____ pressure changes

Answer 23

Systematic

Question 24

What are the three reasons blood flow to the skin is important

Answer 24

Maintain body temp
Blood reservoir
Supplies nutrients to cells

Question 25

What is the blood flow to the skin controlled by?

Answer 25

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 26

When the body temp rises, what are the main three things that happen?

Answer 26

Heat radiates from skin Sweat causes vasodilation Release of NO

Question 27

Why is the pulmonary circulation unusual?

Answer 27

Pathway is short | Arterial resistance and pressure are low

Question 28

What organ is the auto regulatory mechanism the opposite of that of most tissues?

Answer 28

Lungs

Question 29

What do low and high levels of O2 cause for the lungs?

Answer 29

high- vasodilation | low- vasoconstriction

Question 30

During ventricular Systole in the heart, coronary vessels are _______

Answer 30

Compressed

Question 31

During ventricular Systole in the heart, myocardial blood flow _____

Answer 31

Ceases

Question 32

During ventricular Systole in the heart, stored myoglobin supplies

Answer 32

Enough Oxygen

Question 33

During strenuous exercise, how much does the blood flow increase?

Answer 33

three to four times

Question 34

During blood flow through capillaries this is most common

Answer 34

Vasomotion

Question 35

In capillary gas and nutrient exchange, what goes from blood to tissue?

Answer 35

O2 and Nutrients

Question 36

In capillary gas and nutrient exchange, what goes from tissue to blood?

Answer 36

CO2 and Waste

Question 37

In capillary gas and nutrient exchange, Lipid-soluable molecules diffuse directly through ______ ______.

Answer 37

Endothelial membranes

Question 38

In capillary gas and nutrient exchange, water-soluable pass through ______ and _______

Answer 38

clefts and fenestrations

Question 39

In capillary gas and nutrient exchange, Larger molecules such as protein as transported by

Answer 39

Pinocytotic vesicles or caveolae

Question 40

This is extremely important in determining relative fluid volumes in the blood and interstitial space

Answer 40

Bulk Movements

Question 41

What does bulk flow depend on?

Answer 41

Two opposing forces Hydrostatic pressure Colloid osmotic pressure

Question 42

Hydrostatic pressue is made up of two distinct pressure that act against eachother, these pressures are

Answer 42

Capillary hydrostatic pressure | Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

Question 43

In Capillary hydrostatic pressure, where is fluid forced?

Answer 43

through Capillary walls

Question 44

Where is pressure greater and less in Capillary hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 44

Greater at arterial end | Less at venule end

Question 45

Why is Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure usually assumed to be zero?

Answer 45

Lymphatic vessels

Question 46

Colloid osmotic pressure is created by nondiffusible ________ _______ that draw water towards themselves

Answer 46

plasma proteins

Question 47

This comprises of all the forces acting on a capillary bed

Answer 47

Net Filtration Pressure

Question 48

What forces dominate at the arterial end?

Answer 48

Hydrostatic forces

Question 49

What forces dominate at the venous end?

Answer 49

Osmotic Forces dominate

Question 50

What is circulatory shock resulted by?

Answer 50

inadequate blood flow to meet tissue needs

Question 51

This circulatory shock that results from large-scale blood loss

Answer 51

Hypovolemic shock

Question 52

This circulatory shock results from extreme vasodilation and decreased peripheral resistance

Answer 52

Vascular Shock

Question 53

This circulatory shock results when an inefficient heart cannot sustain adequate circulation

Answer 53

Cardiogenic shock