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Module 16- Blood Vessels > Module 16 Lecture Notes > Flashcards

Module 16 Lecture Notes Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the three main types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

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1
Q

These form a closed delivery system that begins and ends at the heart

A

Blood vessels

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2
Q

These blood vessels carries the blood away from the heart and are known to fork or diverge as they form smaller and smaller diversions

A

Arteries

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3
Q

These blood vessels carry blood toward the heart

A

Veins

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4
Q

Of all the blood vessels, which has the intimate contact with tissue cells and directly serve cellular needs

A

Capillaries

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5
Q

Inside of blood vessels there are three distinct layers, they are,

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa

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6
Q

This is the middle and thicket layer of blood vessels that contains smooth muscle cells and sheets of elastin

A

Tunica media

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7
Q

This is the innermost tunic that has the closest contact with the blood and contains endothelium

A

Tunica intima

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8
Q

Reduction in lumen diameter as the smooth muscle contracts

A

Vasoconstriction

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9
Q

Increase in lumen diameter as the smooth muscle relaxes

A

Vasodilation

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10
Q

The outermost layer of the blood vessel wall is composed of loosely woven collagen fibers that protect and reinforce the vessel and anchor it to the surrounding structures

A

Tunica externa

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11
Q

The tunica externa contains tiny blood vessels that nourish the most external tissues of blood vessel walls

A

Vasa vasorum

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12
Q

In terms of size and function, arteries can be divided into three types

A

Elastic Arteries
Muscular arteries
Arterioles

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13
Q

These are a type of artery that are near the heart and are the largest in diameter

A

Elastic arteries

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14
Q

Because that elastic arteries are low resistance pathways and conduct blood to the heart to medium size arteries and are sometimes referred to as

A

Conducting arteries

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15
Q

What tunica contains the most elastin?

A

Tunica media

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16
Q

_____ vessels recover tissue fluid and return it to the blood

A

Lymphatic

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17
Q

The elastic arteries give way to the ______ which delivers blood to specific body organs and account for most of the unnamed arteries studied In lab

A

Muscular or distributive arteries

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18
Q

These arteries have the thickest tunica media of all vessels, and they have elastic laminate on each face of the tunica media

A

Muscular arteries

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19
Q

The smallest of the arteries is this and they have only one layer which is made of tunica media and a few elastic Fibers

A

Arterioles

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20
Q

Blood flow into the capillary beds is determined by the ______ diameter

A

Arteriole

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21
Q

Arteries and veins have a three layered wall that surrounds the ______ or the central blood containing space

A

Lumen

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22
Q

Capillaries have thin walls only consisting of ______ and a supporting _____ ______

A

Endothelium

Basal Lamina

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23
Q

These large arteries expand under pressure and act as a pressure reservoir

A

Elastic arteries

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24
What type of artery has a high percentage of smooth muscle
Muscular or distributing artery
25
What do arterioles contain to change their diameter to control flow into tissues
Smooth muscle
26
Capillaries are microscopic blood vessels that their Lumen can fit one ____ at a time
Red blood cell
27
Capillaries have very thin walls so they have special cells called _____ to help stabilize their walls and control permeability
Pericytes
28
Where will you not find capillaries? (4)
Cartilage Epithelia Cornea and lens of the eye
29
These capillaries are abundant in skin and muscles
Continuous capillaries
30
These capillaries are found in liver,bone marrow and spleen
Sinusoidal Capillaries
31
These Capillaries have tight junctions that connect endothelial cells
Continuous Capillaries
32
Some endothelial cells contain pores
Fenestrated Capillaries
33
Intercellular clefts allow the passage of fluids and small solutes
Continuous Capillaries
34
These Capillaries are more permeable than continuous Capillaries
Fenestrated Capillaries
35
These Capillaries allow large molecules and blood cells to pass
Sinusoidal Capillaries
36
These Capillaries function in absorption or filtration (kidney small intestines and endocrine glands)
Fenestrated Capillaries
37
These are the backbone of mircocircluation of the tissues
Capillary beds
38
Capillary beds are a network of Capillaries connecting the ______ _______
terminal artriole
39
______ Capillaries branch off the met arteriole or the terminal arteriole. There are _____ to each bed
True | 10-100
40
The ______ or ______ shunt that directly connects terminal artiole and a post capillary venule
Metarteriole or Vascular
41
Blood flow into the capillary bed is regulated by the _____ sphincters that open and allow blood to flow through true Capillaries or close to shut it off
Pre-capillary beds
42
The sphincters themselves are controlled themselves by changes in local _____ or vasmotor from the _____ nervous system
Chemical | Sympathetic system
43
_____ are the smallest part of the vessels of veins
Venules
44
Venules are rather porous and allow things like ____ and ____ to move in and out
Fluids | White Blood Cells
45
Venules gradually become bigger with thicker walls that are not permeable anymore contain ____ muscle
Smooth
46
Veins have ____ walls with less smooth muscle and ____ lumens compared to arteries. But they are still able to change their _____ to help regulate blood flow into the venous system
Thinner Larger Diameter
47
Flattened veins with very thin walls are called what?
Venous Sinuses
48
The Venous Sinuses that are found in the brain are called?
Dural Sinuses
49
The Venous Sinuses found in the heart are called
Coronary Sinus
50
Connections of blood vessels that usually arent connected are called what
Anastomoses
51
This is the volume of blood flowing through a vessel, an organ, or the entire circulation in a given period (usually one min)
Blood Flow
52
If we consider the entire vascular system, blood flow is equivalent to what?
Cardiac Output
53
Why does blood flow out vessels?
Pressure gradient
54
A pressure gradient leads from ___ pressure to _____ pressure
high | low
55
Unlike usual PSI pressure measurements, blood pressure is measured in what because of what the first device was filled with?
mmHg
57
Blood moving through the cardio vascular system encounters _____
Resistance
58
Three major types of resistance of blood flow are
``` Blood viscosity (sticky blood) Total Blood volume Vessel length (Longer the vessel greater the resistance) ```
59
Resistance is more important in influencing local blood flow because...
It is easily changed by altering blood vessel diameter
60
Blood flow is directly proportional to what?
Blood pressure
61
Blood flow is inversely proportional to what?
Peripheral resistance
62
Where is systemic pressure highest?
In the Aorta
63
What is MAP?
Mean arterial pressure
64
What does MAP equal
Diatolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure
65
Short term control of the BP uses what two controls?
Neural & Hormonal
66
What performs the task of long term regulation
Kidneys
67
What does the short term neural controls maintain?
MAP of blood vessel diameter
68
What short term controls react to pressure? and where are they found
Baroreceptors | Cartoid Sinus
69
There are receptors that also react to different changes in pH or chemicals, what are these called?
Chemoreceptors
70
What does the vasomotor center receive input from?
Medulla of baroreceptors and chemoreceptors
71
What two hormones are released from the medulla that are vasoconductors and increase HR and SV
Epinephrine & NonEpinephrine
72
This is a hormone that is part of renin-angiotensin that increases BP by vasoconduction
Angiotensim II
73
This hormone is produced by the heart in response to high BP , causes vasodilation to decline the BP
Atrial Natruretic Peptide
74
This hormone causes intense vasoconstriction in cases of extremely low BP it is also called vassopressin
Anti-directic hormone
75
In direct renal mechanisms, the ____ is altered
blood volume
76
In indirect renal mechanism is altered by release of renin from kidneys when the BP _____
drops
77
What is a normal Systolic BP?
110-140
78
What is a normal Dyastolic BP?
70-80
79
What is a permanent low BP
Hypotension
80
What is a permanent high BP
Hypertension

Module 16- Blood Vessels (2 decks)

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