Module 01- Cell Phys, Math, Chem, Physics

Question 1

During aerobic metabolism how many moles of glucose used? How many moles of ATP formed?

Answer 1

2 glucose

38 ATP

Question 2

Where is glycogen stored? How long will supply last during starvation?

Answer 2

Stored in skeletal muscles(400g) and liver (100g)

Supply will provide 24 hours of glucose during starvation

Question 3

What is the degredation and oxidation of fatty acids called? Where does it occur?

Answer 3

Beta-oxidation

Occurs in mitochondria of cells (primarily in the liver)

Question 4

What are the fat soluble vitamins

Answer 4

A
D
E
K

Question 5

What are the water soluble vitamins

Answer 5

B complex (thiamine)

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

Question 6

5 components fo signal transduction

Answer 6

1st messenger
G protein
Effector
2nd messenger
Cellular response

Question 7

5 examples of second messengers

Answer 7

cAMP
cGMP
Calcium
Calmodulin
IP3
DAG

Question 8

Enzyme that converts ATP to cAMP

Answer 8

Adenylate Cyclase

Question 9

Na+-K+ ATPase pump
___out
___in

Answer 9

3 Na+ out

2 K+ in

Question 10

Examples of ion channel receptors

Answer 10

5HT3 receptors

GABA receptors

Glutamate receptors

Question 11

What ion channel governs RMP of most excitable tissues?

Answer 11

“Leaky” potassium channel

Question 12

% concentration means

Answer 12

Grams/100ml

Question 13

V1P1=V2P2

Pressure is inversely proportional to volume at a constant temperature

Answer 13

Boyles Law

Question 14

V1/T1 = V2/T2

Volume is directly proportional to temperature at a constant pressure

Answer 14

Charles Law

Question 15

P1/T1 = P2/T2

Pressure is directly proportional to temperature at a constant volume

Answer 15

Gay- Lussac’s Law

Question 16

Allows you to calculate how long cylinder will last a given flow rate

Squeezing ambu bag

Explains release into atmosphere of large amount of gas from compressed cylinder

Answer 16

Boyles law

Question 17

Inflatable cuff of LMA or ETT

Spirometry

Heat loss by convection

Answer 17

Charles law

Question 18

Temperature of cylinder increases the pressure increases

Wood’s metal blows with temperature increases significantly

Answer 18

Gay-Lussac’s

Question 19

Law permitting calculation of O2 dissolved in blood and CO2 dissolved in blood

Answer 19

Henry’s law

Question 20

amount of O2 dissolved in blood is PaO2 X

Amount of CO2 is PaCO2 X

Answer 20

PaO2 X 0.003

PaCO2 X 0.067

Question 21

Law explaining concentration effect, second gas effect, diffusional hypoxia, and expansion of gas in spaces

Answer 21

Fick’s law of diffusion

Question 22

Law explaining the larger the gas molecule the slower it diffuses across a membrane

Also part of second gas effect and diffusion hypoxia

Answer 22

Grahams law

Question 23

Oxygen content formula

Answer 23

CaO2 = (Hgb X 1.34 X SaO2) + (PaO2 X 0.003)

Question 24

FEV1/FVC ratio

Normal value

Decreased in what disorder

Answer 24

Normal 0.7-0.8

Decreased in obstructive diseases

Question 25

Normal FRC

Answer 25

2.2-3 L

Question 26

Calculating osmolality Normal value

Answer 26

(2X Na) + Glucose + Urea Normal 300 mOsm/L

Question 27

Number showing how much gas will dissolve in a liquid at specified temperature

Answer 27

Ostwald

Question 28

Described behavior of non-ideal gases

Answer 28

Van der Waal

Question 29

What effect does hypothermia have on gas solubility

Answer 29

As liquid is cooled, more dissolves in liquid. Hypothermia causes increase in gas solubility

Question 30

Minimum safe distance from XRay source

Answer 30

6 feet

Question 31

Annual dose limit for occupational exposure to radiation

Answer 31

5 rem

Question 32

Vapor pressure sevoflurane

Answer 32

170mmHg

Question 33

Vapor pressure isoflurane

Answer 33

240 mmHg

Question 34

Vapor pressure of Desflurane

Answer 34

669 mmHg

Question 35

How many micro amps are required to cause micro shock induced V-fib

Answer 35

50 microamps

Question 36

How many milliamps required to cause macro shock induced Vfib

Answer 36

100-2500 milliamps

Question 37

What is grounded in the OR

Answer 37

Power supply Patient Floor

Question 38

What laser can cause corneal injury and potential vision loss

Answer 38

CO2 laser

Question 39

Anaphylactic or immediate type hypersensitivity reactions are

Answer 39

Type I reactions

Question 40

Cytotoxic reactions (antibody mediated cytotoxicity) are what type of reaction

Answer 40

Type II reactions

Question 41

Immune complex reactions that produce tissue damage are what type

Answer 41

Type III

Question 42

Delayed hypersensitivity reactions are

Answer 42

Type IV reactions

Question 43

Type I reactions include

Answer 43

Allergen interacts with specific IgE antibody triggering HISTAMINE release Ex anaphylaxis

Question 44

Type II reaction

Answer 44

Hypersensitivity Mediated by IgM and IgG ABO incompatibility, HIT, myasthenia Travis

Question 45

Type III reaction include

Answer 45

Circulating antigen and antibodies bind to form insoluble complexes that deposit in micro vasculature Lupus RA Glomerulonephritis

Question 46

Type IV reaction involves

Answer 46

Delayed hypersensitivity Graft vs host, TB immunity, Steven Johnson

Question 47

Non-immune mediated anaphylaxis aka

Answer 47

Anaphylactoid reaction Antigen directly stimulates mast cells and basophils (no IgE trigger)

Question 48

Top 3 antibiotics to be involved in anaphylactic reactions during anesthesia

Answer 48

PCN Cephalosporin Vancomycin