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READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY > Module 02: Pre-Colonial Period > Flashcards

Module 02: Pre-Colonial Period Flashcards

1
Q

He is a Spanish Friar for the Franciscan order who was in the Philippines for most of his missiornary life. He also authored the Doctrina Christiana (Christian Doctrine) which was the first book ever printed in the Philippines.

A

Juan De Plasencia

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2
Q

When and Where was Juan De Plascencia born?

A

16th century in Juan Portocarrero, Plasencia Extramadura, Spain

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3
Q

What are some of Plascencia’s works?

A

(1) Relacion de las Costumbres de los Tagalog (1589)
(2) La Santina
(3) Un tomo de sermones varios en tagalog

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4
Q

What is the mode of dressing of men in the pre-colonial period?

A

kanggan (sleeveless jacket) and bahag (loincloth)

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5
Q

What colors were the kanggan and what did they symbolize?

A

Red pertains to authority, Blue or Black pertains to commoners

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6
Q

This is known as the turban which also tell the social status/achievement of the individual wearing it

A

Putong

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7
Q

What were the clothes of women in the pre-colonial period?

A

camisa (jacket with sleeves) and saya or patadyong (a long skirt);

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8
Q

This is the piece of red or white cloth women wear on on top of their skirt

A

tapis

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9
Q

What did the pre-colonial FIlipinos where for ornaments?

A

kalumbiga , pendants, bracelets, and leglets

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10
Q

These ornaments were also fashionable for some pre colonial Filipinos; they also exhibit a man’s war record

A

Tattoos

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11
Q

This was the term coined by the Spaniards for the Visayans

A

Islas del Pintados

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12
Q

These were built to suit the tropical climate. Moreover, this was made of
wood, bamboo, and nipa palm; it was built on stilts and can be entered through ladders that can be drawn up.

A

Bahay Kubo

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13
Q

These pre-colonial FIlipinos built their houses on treetops.

A

Kalingas, Mandayas and Bagobos

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14
Q

These pre-colonial FIlipinos built their houses on boats.

A

Badjaos

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15
Q

This social class pertains to families of datu.

A

Noble

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16
Q

This social class pertains to the freemen.

A

Maharlika or Mahadlika

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17
Q

This social class pertains to the dependents.

A

Alipin

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18
Q

How was the nobility addressed in the Tagalogs?

A

Gat or Lakan

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19
Q

How do alipins acquire their title?

A

inheritance, captivity, purchase, failure to settle
debts, or by committing a crime

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20
Q

What were the two kinds of dependents?

A

aliping namamahay and aliping sagigilid

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21
Q

What were the three kinds of Visayan dependents?

A

tumataban, tumarampok, and the ayuey

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22
Q

What was the status of women in the pre-colonial period?

A

Women in pre colonial Philippine society had the right to inherit property, engage in trade and industry, and succeed to the chieftainship of the barangay in the absence of a male heir. They had the exclusive right to name their children

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23
Q

Men in the pre colonial period in terms of marriage were _____________.

A

Monogamous

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24
Q

Wives were called _____________, while friends were perceived as ___________.

A

Asawa; concubines

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25
Q

Courtship begins with ________________.

A

Paninilbihan

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26
Q

What are the conditions before marrying the girl?

A

(1) give a dowry or bigay kaya
(2) pay the panghihimuyat
(3) pay the wet nurse bigay suso
(4) pay the parents himaraw
(5) bribe for the relatives called sambon among the Zambals

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27
Q

Once he had settled all of the above requirements, he brings his parents to meet with the bride to be’s parents to haggle and make the final arrangements; this is called

A

pamamalae or pamamanhikan or pamumulungan

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28
Q

This is known as the first stage was called ______________; it was followed by the consultation with the girl’s parents, who relays their decision to the village chief, who in turn informed the suitor’s parents of the decision

A

pananalanguni or betrothal

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29
Q

This is term used for the chief in Muslims

A

pedsungud

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30
Q

This is the money given bride’s close relatives.

A

kawasateg

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31
Q

This is the brassware given to those who helped arrange the wedding.

A

Siwaka

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32
Q

This is the brassware or animals for the village chief.

A

Enduata

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33
Q

This jewelry given to the bride’s mother and aunts

A

pangatulian

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34
Q

This blade given to the girl’s uncle;

A

tatas

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35
Q

This money given to the girl’s parents as fine for having bypassed the girl’s elder sister if she had any;

A

langkad

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36
Q

This is the amount of money given to the girl’s attendant.

A

Lekat

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37
Q

In Muslim terms, this pertains to marriage

A

pegkawing

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38
Q

The wedding ceremony of Muslims are headed by whom

A

Hadji

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39
Q

This was the unit of government, which was composed of 30 - 100 families.

A

Barangay, which means balangay or boat

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40
Q

The barangays were headed by chieftains called ______.

A

Datu

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41
Q

This pertains to the tributes being paid in barangays.

A

Buwis or tax

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42
Q

What was the role of the datu?

A

chief executive, judge, legislator, and supreme commander

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43
Q

Alliances among barangays were common and these were formalized in a ritual called

A

Sangduguan

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44
Q

These were used to deal with various subjects such as inheritance, property rights, divorce, usury, family relations, divorce, adoption, loans, etc. Those found guilty of crimes were punished either by fine or by death; some punishments can be considered as torture by modern standards

A

Laws

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45
Q

Laws were either what?

A

were either customary (handed down from generation to generation orally) or written (promulgated from time to time as necessity arose)

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46
Q

This process is where the chief consults with a council of elders who approved of his plan

A

Legislation

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47
Q

This is the one who explains the law to everyone

A

umalohokan

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48
Q

How do Judicial process happen in the court?

A

The accused and the accuser faced each other in front of the “court” with their respective witnesses. Both took an oath to tell the truth; most of the
time, the one who presents the most witnesses wins the case

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49
Q

This act is used to determine the innocence of an accused, he is made to go through a number of ordeals which he must pass

A

Trial by Ordeal

50
Q

What was the common ordeal among Ifugao’s?

A

bultong (wrestling), alaw (duel)

51
Q

This god pertains to the Creator

A

Bathalang Maykapal

52
Q

This god pertains to the god of agriculture.

A

Idinayale

53
Q

This god pertains to the god of death,

A

Sidapa

54
Q

This god pertains to the god of rainbow,

A

Balangaw

55
Q

This god pertains to the god of war,

A

Mandarangan

56
Q

This god pertains to the god of fire.

A

Agni

57
Q

This god pertains to the goddess of harvest.

A

Lalahon

58
Q

This god pertains to the god of hell.

A

Siginarugan

59
Q

This god pertains to the goddess of love,

A

Diyan Masalanta

60
Q

Filipinos also venerated the dead by keeping alive their memory by carving idols of stone, gold or ivory called _______________-.

A

likha or larawan ;

61
Q

These were thought to be caused by the temper of the environmental spirits

A

Diseases

62
Q

These are the adored idols to whom they made their offerings.

A

anitos or diwatas

63
Q

They acted as mediums to communicate with these spirits

A

babaylan / baylana or katalona

64
Q

How did burials happen in the pre-colonial period>

A

The dead was placed in a wooden coffin and buried under the house complete with cloth, gold and other valuable things. Upon the death of the person, fires were made under the house and armed men acted as sentinels to guard the corpse from sorcerers

65
Q

They were were hired to accentuate the depth of mourning

A

professional mourners

66
Q

What was the mourning distinguished in men?

A

maglahi

67
Q

What was the mourning distinguished in women?

A

morotal

68
Q

This pertains to the mourning for a dead chief, and this was accompanied by certain prohibitions like engaging in petty quarrels, wars, carrying daggers with hilts in the normal position, singing in boats coming from the sea or river, and wearing loud clothes

A

laraw

69
Q

This is how the Tagalogs limited their nutrition to vegetables

A

Sipa

70
Q

Relatives of the dead who was murdered would not end their mourning until they have exacted vengeance or _______________.

A

Balata

71
Q

This is the celebration held on the ninth night after
the death of the person

A

pasiyam

72
Q

This is the play is staged to honor the dead

A

tibaw

73
Q

Based on Divination and Magic Charms, these people were called fortune tellers.

A

pangatauhan , or soothsayers, to tell their fortunes

74
Q

Based on Divination and Magic Charms, FIlipinos believed in what creatures?

A

aswang, mangkukulam ,manggagaway, tiyanak, and the tikbalang

75
Q

What are some of the amulets of charms used by the Filipinos,

A

anting anting ,gayuma, odom or tagabulag, wiga or sagabe , and tagahupa

76
Q

This is known as the main source of livelihood.

A

Agriculture

77
Q

What were the two approaches in Agriculture?

A

kaingin system (slash and burn) and tillage

78
Q

These were noted by the Spaniards to have abundancy in agricultural food stuffs.

A

Cebu and Palawan

79
Q

Agriculture was improved by what?

A

by use of irrigation ditches like those
found in the Ifugao Rice Terraces

79
Q

How was landholding perceived in the pre-colonial period?

A

landholding was either public (less arable land that could be tilled freely by anyone) and private (rich and cultivated lands belonging to nobles and datus)

79
Q

This is the fermented the sap of palm trees that is drank
it liquor.

A

Tuba

79
Q

This pertains to the breeding or raising of chickens, pigs, goats, carabaos, and small native ponies

A

Livestock

80
Q

This was a thriving industry for those who live in the coast or near rivers and lakes

A

Fishing

81
Q

What are the various tools used for fishing?

A

various tools for fishing such as nets, bow and arrow , spear, wicker basket, hooks and lines, corrals and fish poisons were used

82
Q

Where was pearl fishing abound?

A

Sulu

83
Q

This is comparatively developed before the coming of the Spaniards. This is where the ancients mined gold in many parts of the archipelago and were traded throughout the country and with other countries

A

Mining

84
Q

This were flourishing industries in ocean vessel building, such as the banca, balangay, lapis, caracoa, virey, vinta and prau

A

Lumbering and Shipbuilding

85
Q

This home industry was dominated by women. They used crude wooden looms, textiles such as sinamay from hemp, medrinaque from banana, cotton, linen, and silk

A

Weaving

86
Q

This was conducted between and among barangays and islands.

A

Barter

87
Q

Which countries did the pre-colonial Philippines barter with?

A

China, Siam, Japan, Cambodia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java , and other islands of old Malaysia

88
Q

During the pre colonial era, there was no currency, hence the trade was conducted through?

A

Barter

89
Q

What were the major languages of the Filipinos in the pre-colonial era?

A

They are: Tagalog, Iloko, Pangasinan, Pampangan, Sugbuhanon, Hiligaynon, Samarnon or Samar Leyte, and Magindanao

90
Q

The first languages were derived from which language?

A

Austronesian or Malayo Polynesian
language

91
Q

Before the spaniards, this was the Filipino’s system of writing.

A

syllabary which was
probably of Sanskrit or Arabic provenance

92
Q

How many symbols constituted the syllabry?

A

the syllabary consisted of seventeen symbols, of which three were vowels and
fourteen consonants

93
Q

According to his theory, the ancients wrote from top to bottom and from left to right

A

Fr. Pedro Chirino’s theory

94
Q

These these dealt with various subjects including love, war, legends, the memory of the deceased, and war heroes

A

Literature

95
Q

This was a debate in verse in which a problem is resolved; it developed into the duplo during the Spanish period and then into the balagtasan in 1924 during the American period

A

karagatan

96
Q

This Maranaw Literature pertains to (folk tale),

A

tutul

97
Q

This Maranaw Literature pertains to (short love poems),

A

tubad tubad

98
Q

This Maranaw Literature pertains to (sayings
and proverbs),

A

pananaro on

99
Q

This Maranaw Literature pertains to
(drama),

A

sowa sowa i

100
Q

This Maranaw Literature pertains to (riddle or puzzle).

A

Antoka

101
Q

This Maranaw Literature pertains to epic poetry.

A

darangan

102
Q

This Ilocano literature pertains to a song during baptismal party, wedding, or a feast.

A

dal ot

103
Q

This Ilocano literature pertains to a love song sung in a serenade,

A

badeng

104
Q

This Ilocano literature pertains to dirge.

A

Dungaw

105
Q

This is a bansic or a cane with four holes

A

kudyapi (Tagalog)

106
Q

This is a small guitar (Negritos of Luzon),

A

Gangsa

107
Q

This is a a Malay music instrument (Igorots).

A

abafii

108
Q

This is a or a guitar with five strings (Ilocano)

A

kutibeng

109
Q

This is a nose flute

A

kaleleng

110
Q

This is or pan pipe made of seven bamboos reeds
(Tinguians)

A

diwdiw as

111
Q

The zigszag designs on ancient lime tubes and the ornamental carvings on combs reflect _________________

A

Negrito influence

112
Q

Indonesian influence can be seen in the apparel of whom:

A

apparel of the Kalingas, Maranaos,
Manobos and Bagobos

113
Q

Malay influence can be traced to the wood carvings found in utensils, boats, and
wooden shields of:

A

people of Sulu,
Mindanao and Mountain Province

114
Q

What kind of art do Islamic influence?

A

ornamental and decorative art

115
Q

What kind of art do Lanao Muslims have?

A

geometric
and plant designs

116
Q

What kind of art do Ifugao have?

A

human and animal representations but not fish and plant
forms

117
Q

Lanao Muslim art is ________________

A

icnoclastic

118
Q

Ifugao Art is ___________

A

functional

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY (3 decks)

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