Module 04: Maternal and Child Health Program Flashcards
1
Q
This program by the Department of Health aims to improve health outcomes for mothers, infants, and children in the Philippines.
A
The Maternal and Child Health Program
2
Q
What is the goal of the maternal and child health program?
A
This program focuses on reducing maternal, neonatal, and child mortality by providing quality health care services across different stages of pregnancy and early childhood.
3
Q
This pre-pregnancy initiative promotes awareness about family planning, reproductive health, proper nutrition, and the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
A
Health Education and Counseling
4
Q
This service provides contraceptive options to help couples plan and space pregnancies effectively.
A
Family Planning Services
5
Q
This type of care focuses on optimizing women’s health before pregnancy, addressing any pre-existing conditions like diabetes and hypertension.
A
Preconception Care
6
Q
This aspect of the pre-pregnancy phase focuses on ensuring proper nutrition for women to support a healthy pregnancy in the future.
A
Women’s Nutrition.
7
Q
This phase ensures at least four prenatal check-ups, monitoring for complications, and providing tetanus immunizations, as well as iron and folic acid supplements during pregnancy.
A
Antenatal Care
8
Q
This phase encourages delivery at healthcare facilities to ensure skilled birth attendance and access to emergency obstetric services if needed.
A
Health Facility Deliveries
9
Q
This provides nutritional counseling and supplements to prevent conditions like anemia during pregnancy.
A
Nutritional Support
10
Q
This intervention is provided to prevent malaria infection during pregnancy, protecting both mother and fetus.
A
Preventative Treatment for Malaria
11
Q
This preventive measure aims to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of infections during pregnancy.
A
Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission.
12
Q
This ensures that births are attended by skilled health professionals, like midwives, doctors, or nurses, who can manage normal deliveries and recognize complications early.
A
Skilled Birth Attendance
13
Q
This procedure involves screening newborns for conditions like congenital hypothyroidism and phenylketonuria to allow for early intervention.
A
Newborn Screening
14
Q
This care protocol provides immediate care after birth, including early skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding initiation, and proper cord care.
A
Essential Newborn Care
15
Q
This postnatal service monitors both the mother and child during the first six weeks after birth, addressing any postpartum complications and promoting breastfeeding
A
Postnatal checkups
15
Q
This involves surgical intervention and emergency obstetric care to manage high-risk pregnancies or complications during delivery.
A
Cesarean Section and Emergency Obstetric Care
16
Q
This initiative encourages exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, providing support and resources to mothers.
A
Breastfeeding Support
17
Q
This service offers family planning counseling and resources for birth spacing and managing future pregnancies postpartum.
A
Family Planning
18
Q
This aspect of postnatal care focuses on monitoring the health of both mother and baby after birth.
A
Postnatal care for Mother and Baby
19
Q
This program encourages feeding practices for infants and young children to ensure adequate nutrition and growth.
A
infant and Young Child Feeding
20
Q
This childhood health initiative provides a series of vaccines to protect children from diseases such as measles, polio, hepatitis, and tuberculosis.
A
Immunizations
21
Q
This program addresses malnutrition through growth monitoring, micronutrient supplementation, and food fortification.
A
Nutrition Programs
22
Q
This program focuses on the prevention and management of common childhood illnesses, including diarrhea, pneumonia, and malnutrition.
A
Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses
23
Q
This program ensures that developmental milestones are met for children and that any delays or disabilities are identified early for proper intervention.
A
Child Development and Screening
24
This is the end-referral facility in the MNCHN Service Delivery Network that provides services such as blood transfusions, Cesarean sections, and advanced newborn care, operating 24 hours with a team of OB/surgeons, pediatricians, nurses, midwives, and medical technologists.
End-Referral Facility (e.g., Provincial Hospitals)
25
This service is available at district hospitals, rural health units, and private lying-in clinics, providing normal vaginal deliveries, imminent breech deliveries, essential newborn care, basic newborn resuscitation, and family planning services.
BEmONC Facility (Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care).
26
This level of the MNCHN Service Delivery Network includes community health teams providing pregnancy tracking, birth planning, home visits, follow-up, nutrition packages, breastfeeding support, and family planning education.
Community Level Service Provider
27
This network is established in all provinces to provide both basic and comprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care to ensure maternal and newborn health. What is it?
BEmONC-CEmONC Network.
28
This type of care ensures that pregnant women have access to at least four prenatal visits to monitor both maternal and fetal health, providing services like iron and folic acid supplements, tetanus toxoid vaccination, and screening for infections like HIV and syphilis.
Antenatal Care
29
This initiative promotes delivery by trained health professionals, such as doctors, nurses, or midwives, to reduce childbirth risks and encourages institutional deliveries in facilities where emergency obstetric care can be provided.
Skilled Birth Attendance
30
This facility is part of the MNCHN Service Delivery Network and is located within a 1-hour distance from BEmONC facilities, supporting pregnant women and infants with emergency care
Rural Health Unit (RHU)
31
Located within 30 minutes of homes, this facility provides access to essential obstetric and newborn care, ensuring timely emergency services close to the community.
Barangay Health Station
32
This type of care ensures that facilities are equipped to manage complications like hemorrhage, infections, and hypertensive disorders, improving access to life-saving interventions during and after delivery for high-risk pregnancies.
Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (EMONC)
33
This care is provided for mothers and newborns after birth, monitoring them for complications such as postpartum hemorrhage or infections, and promoting breastfeeding, family planning, and health education.
Postpartum Care
34
What does postpartum care promote?
(A) Breastfeeding
(B) Family Planning
(C) Heath Education
35
This program offers counseling and services aimed at managing birth spacing, which is essential for reducing maternal and child health risks, and includes modern contraceptive methods to prevent unintended pregnancies.
Family planning
36
What does family planning include?
(A) Modern Contraceptive Methods
(B) Educate mothers about the risks of closely spaced pregnancies.
37
This initiative involves community-based health promotion to raise awareness about safe motherhood, family planning, and prenatal care, empowering women and families to make informed decisions regarding maternal health and childbirth
Health Education
38
This Republic Act established a public health program in the Philippines to identify infants with serious genetic, metabolic, or endocrine conditions that can lead to significant health problems if not detected early.
RA 9288 or the Newborn Screening Act of 2004 (included in the Philhealth Newborn Package)
39
When was the RA 9288 or the Newborn Screening Act of 2004 established?
April 7 2004
40
This set of regulations was implemented on October 5, 2004, to guide the execution of the Newborn Screening Act in the Philippines.
Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR)
41
This public health program screens infants shortly after birth to detect serious conditions that can lead to intellectual disabilities, severe health complications, or death if untreated. What is the primary purpose of newborn screening?
To identify rare genetic, metabolic, or endocrine conditions.
42
What is the recommended time frame for newborn screening?
24 TO 72 HOURS AFTER BIRTH
43
What is the integral part of Newborn Care Screening?
Integral Newborn Care (INBC), which includes administering Vitamin K, BCG and Hepatitis B.
44
This disorder affects the adrenal glands and leads to an imbalance in hormone production (cortisol and aldosterone), potentially causing life-threatening salt loss. Early diagnosis allows for prompt hormone replacement therapy.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
45
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) can lead to what?
(A) Life threatening salt loss
(B) May affect growth and development
46
This condition occurs when the thyroid gland fails to produce enough hormones, leading to developmental delays and intellectual disabilities if untreated
Hypothyroidism
47
How do you prevent hypothyroidism?
Thyroid hormone replacement therapy
48
This metabolic disorder prevents the body from breaking down the amino acid phenylalanine, potentially resulting in intellectual disabilities if untreated.
Phenylketonuria (PKU).
49
How do you mitigate the effects of Phenylketonuria (PKU)?
Low phenylalanine Diet
50
This disorder affects the body's ability to break down galactose.
Galactosemia
51
Galactosemia may lead to what?
(A) Intellectual Disabilities
(B) Liver Damage
(C) Sepsis
52
These disorders involve the body's inability to properly metabolize organic acids, leading to a buildup of toxic substances, which can cause neurological issues and metabolic crises if not managed.
Organic Acid Disorders
53
What are the two organic acid disorders?
(A) Methylmalonic Acidemia
(B) Isovaleric Acidemia
54
These disorders affect the body's ability to break down fatty acids for energy.
Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders.
55
Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders can lead to what?
(A) Hypoglycemia
(B) Liver Disease
(C) Muscle Weakness
56
What are two examples of fatty acid oxidation disorders?
(A) Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (MCADD)
(B) Long Chain Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (LCHADD)
57
This category of disorders affects the hemoglobin in red blood cells, and an example included in expanded screening is Hemoglobin E disease.
Hemoglobinopathies
57
These disorders are characterized by defects in the metabolism of amino acids, resulting in toxic buildups in the body. Besides PKU, which condition is included in expanded screening?
Amino Acid Disorders
(Maple Syrup Urine Disease and Tyrosinemia)
58
The newborn screening panel of disorders is based on three criteria:
(A) Local Prevalence
(B) Reversibility if treated on time
(C) Availability of the Treatment
59
This phrase emphasizes the challenge in diagnosing certain disorders in newborns, as many conditions show no immediate symptoms after birth. What is it?
"One will never know that the baby has the disorder until the onset of signs and symptoms."
60
Early screening for newborns is crucial because it helps prevent conditions from leading to severe outcomes. What does early intervention allow for in the context of newborn screening?
Timely treatments to prevent irreversible effects.
61
If newborn screening is not conducted, babies with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) may experience this severe health complication. What is it?
(A) Developmental Delays
(B) Permanent intellectual disability
62
If newborn screening is not conducted, babies with phenylketonuria may experience this severe health complication. What is it?
(A) Permanent Intellectual disability
(B) Neurological Disorders
63
If newborn screening is not conducted, babies with galactosemia may experience this severe health complication. What is it?
(A) Death
(B) Liver Damage
(C) Sepsis
64
Children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) who are not screened may experience this life-threatening condition. What is it?
(A) Adrenal Crisis
(B) Severe salt wasting episodes
65
What is the ideal time frame for conducting newborn screening after birth to ensure effective detection of metabolic imbalances?
24 TO 72 HOURS AFTER BIRTH (ENSURING THAT THE BABY HAS METABOLIZED SOME MILK)
66
This method, which involves collecting blood through a heel prick, is the preferred technique for newborn screening. What is it called?
Heel Prick Method.
67
What is the alternative method of collecting blood for newborn screening that is more invasive?
Venous Blood collection.
68
This method of blood collection is not recommended for newborn screening due to unreliable results. What is it?
Umbilical Blood Collection
69
This type of newborn screening screens for 6 to 8 disorders. What is it called?
Basic Newborn Screening (Basic NBS).
70
This type of newborn screening screens for 10 to 12 disorders, including additional metabolic and genetic conditions. What is it called?
Expanded Newborn Screening (Expanded NBS).
71
Both basic and expanded newborn screening use this method for collecting blood samples. What is the collection technique?
3mm blood disks collected via heel prick on filter paper.
72
This law mandates that all hospitals and health institutions provide rooming-in facilities for mothers and newborns, encouraging breastfeeding as early as possible after birth.
Republic Act No. 7600, also known as The Rooming-In and Breastfeeding Act of 1992
73
What is the purpose of Republic Act No. 7600, also known as The Rooming-In and Breastfeeding Act of 1992?
To ensure that newborns can be roomed in with their mothers to initiate and support exclusive breastfeeding as early as possible after birth.
74
How does Republic Act No. 7600 promote early breastfeeding practices?
It promotes early skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding within the first hour after delivery, while hospitals must avoid unnecessary separation of mother and baby unless medically necessary.
75
This law strengthens RA 7600 by adding provisions for breastfeeding in the workplace. It mandates the establishment of lactation stations in both public and private establishments.
RA 10028 (Expanded Breastfeeding Promotion Act of 2009)
76
What additional provisions does Republic Act No. 10028, The Expanded Breastfeeding Promotion Act of 2009, add to breastfeeding practices?
(A) Lactation Breaks atleast 40 minutes for every 8 hour work period.
(B) Lactation stations must be private, clean, and adequately equipped with facilities for expressing and storing breast milk.
77
This order regulates the marketing of breastmilk substitutes to ensure that breastfeeding is not undermined by commercial practices. It restricts the promotion of formula milk and mandates the correct labeling of these products to include the benefits of breastfeeding. The law aims to protect mothers from aggressive marketing tactics that could dissuade them from breastfeeding.
Executive Order No. 51 Philippine Milk Code of 1986
78
This provides essential nutrition and antibodies, helping protect against infections and diseases.
Breastfeeding
79
How does breastfeeding contribute to the bond between mother and baby?
It strengthens the emotional connection between mother and baby and supports healthy growth and development.
80
The WHO highly recommends exclusive breastfeeding for ___________ to ensure optimal health outcomes for both mother and child.
FOR THE FIRST 6 MONTHS
81
This law mandates basic immunization services for infants and children under 5 against vaccine-preventable diseases, provided free of charge in public health centers.
RA 10152 (Mandatory Infants and Children Immunization Act of 2012)
82
What diseases are covered under the Mandatory Infants and Children Immunization Act of 2011?
The Act covers diseases like tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B, and others.
83
This provides updated guidelines for implementing the National Immunization Program, detailing vaccines, schedules, and covered populations.
DOH 2021-0045
84
Which vaccine is given at birth to protect against tuberculosis?
The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is given at birth to protect against tuberculosis, especially severe forms like TB meningitis and miliary TB.
85
When is BCG given?
At Birth
86
Which diseases are targeted by the DTP vaccine, and when is it administered?
The DTP vaccine protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (whooping cough) and is given as part of the pentavalent vaccine at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age.
87
When is DTP given?
6, 10, 14 WEEKS OF AGE
88
These vaccines are given to protect the child from poliomyelitis or polio virus, which can cause paralysis.
Oral polio vaccine (OPV) and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
89
When is OPV and IPV given?
6, 10, 14 WEEKS OF AGE, WITH BOOSTER SHOT FOR 9 MONTHS AND 4 YEARS
90
This vaccine is given to protect the child from measles, which is a highly contagious infection.
Measles
91
This vaccine is given to protect the child from the viral swelling of salivary glands.
Mumps
92
This vaccine protects the child against rubella, which can cause congenital rubella syndrome if a pregnant woman is
Rubella
93
At what ages is the MMR vaccine given to protect against measles, mumps, and rubella?
The MMR vaccine is given at 9 months and again at 12-15 months to protect against measles, mumps, and rubella.
94
This vaccine protects the child against the hepatitis B virus, which can lead to liver cancer or cirrhosis
Hepatitis B
95
When is hepatitis B given?
It is given within 24 hours of birth and as part of the pentavalent vaccine at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age.
96
This vaccine protects the child against infections like meningitis and pneumonia caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B.
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B (Hib) vaccine
97
When is Haemophilus Influenzae Type B (Hib) vaccine given?
It is part of the pentavalent vaccine given at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age.
98
This vaccine prevents severe diarrhea and dehydration in young children.
Rotavirus vaccine
99
When is Rotavirus vaccine given?
Orally at 6 and 10 weeks of age
100
This vaccine protects against pneumococcal infections, including pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis.
Pneumococcal Vaccine
101
When is the Pneumococcal Vaccine given?
6, 10, 14 WEEKS OF AGE
102
This vaccine protects against HPV, which can cause cervical and other cancers.
HPV Vaccine
103
HPV vaccine is recommended for what age?
It is recommended for girls aged 9 to 14 years and is given in a two-dose schedule.
104
These prevents deadly diseases, helps control outbreaks, and protects individuals and communities. It ensures that children are protected before they are exposed to harmful pathogens.
Vaccinations
105
When are the first vaccines, like BCG and Hepatitis B, administered, and why?
FIRST 24 HOURS, to protect infants from potentially severe diseases from the earliest stage of life.
106
This is a small color-changing indicator on vaccine vials that shows if a vaccine has been exposed to excessive heat. This tool helps ensure vaccines remain effective, especially in areas with unreliable cold chain systems.
Vaccine Vial Monitor (VVM)
107
These reactions are mild, self-limiting responses that occur at the injection site, such as pain, redness, and swelling.
Local Reaction
108
How are local reactions from vaccines addressed?
They typically resolve on their own and do not require medical intervention.
109
These reactions affect the whole body, with symptoms like fever, headache, muscle aches, or fatigue.
Systemic reactions
110
Systemic reactions are most common with what?
They are common with parenteral vaccines (those administered through injection) and are usually mild.
111
These are rare but life-threatening and often occur shortly after vaccination. They include symptoms such as severe hives, difficulty breathing, and facial swelling, requiring immediate medical intervention.
Severe allergic reactions
112
Who should avoid receiving vaccines due to a history of severe allergic reactions?
Individuals who have experienced a severe allergic reaction (such as anaphylaxis) to a previous dose of the vaccine or any component of it should not receive further doses.
113
Why are certain vaccines contraindicated for individuals with encephalopathy?
Individuals who have experienced brain inflammation (encephalopathy) or prolonged seizures after a vaccine should avoid certain vaccines to prevent further adverse neurological effects.
114
Why are live vaccines typically contraindicated during pregnancy?
Live vaccines are contraindicated during pregnancy due to the theoretical risk of harm to the fetus. Examples include the MMR and varicella vaccines.
115
Why should individuals with compromised immune systems avoid live vaccines?
People with immunosuppression (from conditions like HIV, cancer treatment, or medications) should avoid live vaccines because of the risk of developing severe infections from these vaccines.
116
This provides updated guidelines on vaccine storage, handling, and administration to maintain vaccine potency and reduce adverse reactions. It supports the National Immunization Program (NIP), including effective cold chain management.
DOH AO 2021-0045
117
This is a program aimed at ensuring optimal nutrition during the first 1,000 days of life (pregnancy to two years of age) to support physical and cognitive development and prevent malnutrition and stunting.
Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF)
118
This republic act strengthens the IYCF program to reduce malnutrition risks during the critical first 1,000 days of life.
Republic Act No. 11148, also known as the Kalusugan at Nutrisyon ng Mag-Nanay Act
119
This provides all essential nutrients, antibodies, and energy required for a baby’s healthy growth and development, reducing infection risks and promoting better cognitive development.
Exclusive Breastfeeding
120
When should complementary feeding begin, and why is it important?
Complementary feeding should start at six months alongside continued breastfeeding to meet the increasing nutritional needs of the child and prevent malnutrition.
121
: Until what age is continued breastfeeding recommended?
Continued breastfeeding is recommended up to two years or beyond, as it remains an important source of essential nutrients for the child.
122
What does the IYCF program recommend for proper complementary feeding practices?
The IYCF program emphasizes nutrient-rich complementary foods, food safety, hygiene, and responsive feeding techniques to support a child’s growth and health.
123
How does the IYCF program educate caregivers?
The program provides education on safe food preparation, the importance of hygiene, and appropriate feeding practices for mothers and caregivers.
124
This is a Philippine law focused on improving maternal and child health through nutrition interventions during the first 1,000 days of life, aiming to prevent malnutrition and promote healthy growth.
RA 11148
125
This period, from pregnancy to a child’s second birthday, is crucial for preventing stunting, reducing malnutrition, and ensuring optimal growth and cognitive development.
FIRST 1000 DAYS
126
What are the primary goals of RA 11148 regarding malnutrition?
Reduce malnutrition rates, particularly for children under two years old, by focusing on early nutrition and health services.
127
Under this, RA 11148 requires the implementation of comprehensive nutrition programs at different government levels, especially targeting underserved communities to ensure accessible maternal and child health services.
Comprehensive Nutrition Programs
128
Under this, RA 11148 highlights the need for Vitamin A, iron, and iodine supplementation to address deficiencies that can hinder a child's physical and mental development.
Micronutrient supplementation
129
Under this, RA 11148 encourages education on the importance of proper nutrition during pregnancy and early childhood, breastfeeding, and appropriate complementary feeding practices.
Public Awareness and Education
130
Under this, RA 11148 encourages coordination among government agencies, local units, and NGOs to establish a unified approach to improving maternal and child nutrition.
Coordination with Agencies
131
This is essential for vision, especially in low light, and for maintaining the integrity of epithelial tissues like the skin and mucous membranes.
Vitamin A (RETINOL, RETINOIC ACID, AND BETA CAROTENE)
132
What are the age-specific dosages for Vitamin A supplementation?
(A) 6 months to 1 year: 100,000 IU (blue capsule)
(B) 12 months to 59 months: 200,000 IU (red capsule)
133
What are common deficiency conditions of Vitamin A?
(A) Night Blindness
(B) Xerophthalmia
(C) Increased Infection Risk
(D) Follicular hyperketosis
134
How is Vitamin A converted in the body?
Beta-carotene (provitamin A) is converted to retinol in the intestine. 1 International Unit (IU) of Vitamin A equals 0.3 micrograms (mcg) of retinol.
135
This is critical for hemoglobin production in red blood cells. Iron deficiency can result in anemia and is a common cause of developmental delays in children.
Iron
136
This is crucial for thyroid hormone production, which regulates growth and metabolism.
Iodine (can lead to goiter and cognitive impairments when low levels)
137
This is known as the thickening of the skin.
FOLLICULAR KERATOSIS
138
This program aims to promote the health and well-being of adolescents by providing them access to health services and education on topics like reproductive health, mental health, nutrition, and lifestyle choices.
Adolescent Health Program
139
Under the Adolescent Health Program, this aims to empower adolescents with knowledge on sexual and reproductive health, mental health, substance abuse, and nutrition, helping them make informed health decisions.
Comprehensive Health Education
140
Under the Adolescent Health Program, this aims to provide age-appropriate health services, including family planning, immunizations, mental health counseling, and substance use support.
Access to Health Services
141
Under the Adolescent Health Program, this aims to encourage balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, and the avoidance of risky behaviors like smoking and excessive alcohol use.
Promotion of a Healthy lifestyle
142
Under the Adolescent Health Program, this aims to provide support services focused on managing anxiety, depression, stress, and other mental health issues prevalent in adolescents.
Mental Health Support
143
Under the Adolescent Health Program, this aims to promote their active participation in health programs and policies, encouraging adolescents to express their needs and concerns.
Participation and Empowerment
144
This law emphasizes health and nutrition for adolescents, promoting programs that address their unique health requirements.
RA 10410
145
This outlines strategies to improve nutrition and health for adolescents, supporting the goals of the Adolescent Health Program.
Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition (PPAN)
