Module 05 - Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Flashcards
(33 cards)
What are the 4 stages of disease prevention?
Stage 1: Primordial Prevention
Stage 2: Primary Prevention
Stage 3: Secondary Prevention
Stage 4: Tertiary Prevention
What is Primordial Prevention?
targets the underlying health determinants by modifying social policies to improve the health of a population
What is Primary Prevention?
- targets susceptible individuals and attempts to prevent disease development
- targets exposures and risk factors for specific diseases as well as ways to increase immunity
What is Secondary Prevention?
- early detection and treatment of disease
What is Tertiary Prevention?
- when a disease has developed and is in its clinical phase, tertiary prevention strategies help to reduce the impact of the disease on the patient’s function, survival, and quality of life
What are some example of environmental factors?
- occupation
- housing/living conditions
- school or work environment
What are some examples of social factors?
- education
- family
- SES
- war/conflict
- culture
- race/racism
What are some examples of other factors (not environmental/social) ?
- internal/external factors that affect health
- healthy/unhealthy behaviours
- availability of quality health services
What are the four barriers of the SEM?
- Intrapersonal
- Interpersonal
- Community/Institution
- Public Policy
What is perceived susceptibility?
- a person’s subjective perception of their risk of acquiring a disease or illness
What is perceived seriousness?
- a person’s subjective persception of a disease or illness, including the medical and social consequences
What is perceived benefits?
- a person’s erception of the effectiveness of a behaviour in reducing the risk of disease
What is perceived barriers?
- a person’s perception of the obstacle to adopting a healthy behaviour, which are weighted against the benefits
What is self-efficacy?
the level of a person’s confidence in their ability to successfully carry out a health behaviour change
What are cues to action?
the spcific triggers, both external and internal, needed to prompt the decision-making process to engage in a specific health behaviour change
What are the 6 stages of change in the TTM?
- precontemplation
- contemplation
- preparation
- action
- maintenance
- relapse
What is precontemplation in the TTM?
- Individuals in this stage are unaware of the need to change
- Often uninformed about the consequences of their behaviour
What is contemplation in the TTM?
- ‘Getting ready’ stage
- Individuals in this stage are often ambivalent or ‘behavioural procrastinators’
What is preparation in the TTM?
- Individuals in the preparation stage have motivation and a plan of action
- Some steps have been taken to change their behaviour
What is action in the TTM?
Individuals are actively trying to modify their lifestyle and want to succeed
What is maintenance in the TTM?
Individuals have sustained their behaviour change for at least six months and work towards preventing relapses to previous stages
What is relapse in the TTM?
- Individuals in this stage have abandoned the ides of changing due to difficulty in maintaining their new behaviour
- Health care workers may encourage the individual to try again and re-enter the contemplation stage
What are the three levels of health promotion?
- Individual
- Peer or Group
- Population Based
What is indivual health promotion?
happens through one-on-one interactions
