Module 1

Question 0

Respiratory System: What are the 5 main structures?

Answer 0

Diaphragm
Abdomen
Thoracic Cavity
Intercostals
Trachea

Question 1

What are the 6 major systems of hearing, speech and language?

Answer 1

Central Nervous System
Auditory System
Respiratory Sys.
Phonatory System
Resonatory System
Articulatory System

Question 2

Diaphragm: What is it? What system is it in?

Answer 2

Chief muscle of inhalation.
Respiratory system
Dome shaped muscle between the abdomen and thoracic cavity

Question 3

Abdomen- what is it, where, what system?

Answer 3

Section below the diaphragm, contains vital organs.

Respiratory system

Question 4

Thoracic Cavity- where is it, what, what system?

Answer 4

Section above the diaphragm. Includes the lungs and heart.

Respiratory system.

Question 5

Intercostals- what are they? where? what system?

Answer 5

The muscles in-between the ribs. 11 pairs of intercostals/12 pairs of ribs. Exterior and interior intercostals that expand and contract the ribs.
Respiratory system.

Question 6

Trachea- what is it? Where? What system?

Answer 6

Windpipe; starting point of the lower airway. Branches (bifurcates) into the bronchi, which branch into the bronchioles.
Respiratory system.

Question 7

Phonatory Mechanism- where is it? what are the 4 main structures?

Answer 7

above the respiratory system.
Larynx
Hyoid
Cartilages
- unpaired: Thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis
-paired: Arytenoids, corniculates and cuneiforms.
Vocal Folds

Question 8

Larynx- Where is it? what is it? What system?

Answer 8

Rests just above the trachea. Suspended by the hyoid bone.

Phonatory mechanism.

Question 9

Hyoid bone- where, what, what system?

Answer 9

U-shaped bone that suspends the larynx. Does not articulate with any other bone.
Phonatory Mechanism.

Question 10

Cartilages of Larynx- unpaired

where, what, what system?

Answer 10

Thyroid: large, plate-like cartilage covering larynx.
Cricoid: sits just underneath the thyroid
Epiglottis: sits on top of larynx. keeps food/liquid from entering.
phonatory mechanism

Question 11

Cartilages of the Larynx: paired- where, what, what system?

Answer 11

Arytenoids-vocal chords attach. 2 processes- lateral and vocal
corniculates- on top of the arytenoids
Cuniforms- reside in the eryepiglottic folds.

Question 12

Vocal Folds- what is it, where does it insert and originate, what system

Answer 12

Also called vocal chords. Attach to the vocal process of the arytenoids posteriorly and to the thyroid cartilage anteriorly at the thyroid notch.
Phonatory mechanism

Question 13

Resonatory Mechanism- what are the 3 cavities and main structure?

Answer 13

Pharyngeal cavity
Oral cavity
Nasal Cavity
Velum

Question 14

Pharyngeal cavity- where, what system?

Answer 14

Just above the larynx

Resonatory mechanism

Question 15

Oral cavity- what is included and what system?

Answer 15

Includes mouth.

Resonatory mechanism

Question 16

Nasal Cavity- what system, includes?

Answer 16

Includes the nose

Resonatory system

Question 17

Velum- what, where, what system?

Answer 17

important in regulating airflow between the oral and nasal cavity. 3 nasals n,m,n. relaxes to make nasal sounds.
resonatory mechanism

Question 18

Articulatory Mechanism- Movable 4 structures

Answer 18

Tongue
Lips
Soft palate
Jaw

Question 19

Articulatory Mechanism- immovable 3 structures

Answer 19

teeth, hard palate, alveolar ridge

Question 20

Auditory Mechanism- 3 main sections

Answer 20

Outer ear
Middle ear
Inner ear

Question 21

Outer ear- 2 main structures, what system?

Answer 21

Pinna/auricle- funnel sounds waves into middle/inner ear
External Auditory meatatus (ear canal)

auditory mechanism

Question 22

Middle Ear- 2 main structures, what system?

Answer 22

• Tympanic Membrane (eardrum)
• Ossicles: malleus, incus, and stapes

auditory mechanism

Question 23

Inner Ear- four main structures, what system?

Answer 23

• oval window-connects to stapes
• semicircular canals-balance
• cochlea
• organ of corti- located within the basilar membrane

auditory mechanism

Question 24

Central Nervous System- 2 main structures

Answer 24

Brain | Spinal chord

Question 25

Brain- what system? What 5 main structures?

Answer 25

``` Central Nervous System Cerebrum Basal Ganglia Thalamus Cerebellum Brain stem ```

Question 26

Brain-Cerebrum: lobes (4), hemispheres, what main structure? What system?

Answer 26

Part of the central nervous system Right and left hemispheres Lobes: frontal,parietal, temporal, occipital contains cerebral cortex

Question 27

Functions of lobes in Cerebrum-

Answer 27

frontal: Executive functions (planning, memory, etc.), motor movements Parietal: primary sensory strip of the brain Temporal: responsible for hearing - ferniki's area, language comprehension Occipital lobe- vision

Question 28

What is located in the Frontal lobe and is responsible for speech production?

Answer 28

Brocha's area

Question 29

Brain- Basal Ganglia: What structure? function? where?

Answer 29

Deep in the brain. can cause movements, altered posture and speech disorders. Central Nervous System

Question 30

Brain-Thalamus: What is it?

Answer 30

Relay station of the brain.

Question 31

Brain- cerebellum

Answer 31

coordinates our movements.

Question 32

Brain stem- 3 main structures

Answer 32

midbrain pons Medulla

Question 33

Connecting fibers within the brain:

Answer 33

projection: run vertically in the brain. association fibers: connect areas within the same hemisphere of the brain. commussural: main fibers- corpus colosum, connects the two hemispheres of the brain.

Question 34

Peripheral Nervous System- made up of what two main structures?

Answer 34

Cranial nerves- 12 pairs | Spinal nerves- 31 pairs

Question 35

Cranial Nerves- how many pairs, which ones are speech related?

Answer 35

12 pairs Part of Peripheral Nervous system Speech related: trigeminal V, Facial VII, Auditory VIII, Glossopharyngeal IX, Vargus, X, Accessory XI Hypoglossal XII On Old Olympus Towering Top A Finn and German Viewed Some Hops

Question 36

Spinal Nerves- home many pairs? What system?

Answer 36

31 pairs | Peripheral Nervous System

Question 37

Pyramidal System

Answer 37

``` Also called the direct motor activation pathway -facilitates voluntary movement. 2 Tracts- Corticospinal tract Corticobular Tract ```

Question 38

Corticospinal tract- what is the path, what system?

Answer 38

Pyramidal System | Descends from motor cortex through internal capsule to communicate with spinal nerves

Question 39

Corticobulbar Tract- what does it control, path, system?

Answer 39

Controls all voluntary movement for speech production. | Decends from motor cortex through internal capsule but terminates at cranial nerves.

Question 40

Extrapyramidal system- what is it made up of? What does it do?

Answer 40

Made up of various subcortical Nuclei -basal ganglia, subthalamus, substantia, nigra, and red nucleus) Helps regulate movement and assists in maintenance of posture and tone.

Question 41

What can result from damage to extrapyramidal system?

Answer 41

results in involuntary movement disorders (dyskinesia)

Question 42

Cerebellar System

Answer 42

Functions as a conductor, modifier, adjuster, and regulator or movement. -damage results in problems with coordination.