Module 1.2 Flashcards
(34 cards)
Speech is the _______ ________ through which human _______ is realized.
Primary channel, language.
Speech is a ____ ____ requiring the most ___ and _____ movements the human body is able to ______.
motor skill, rapid, skilled, perform.
Speech disorders May arise from problems in: 2 things
Speech motor control- articulation disorder
Language knowledge- phonological disorder
Book talks more about phonological vs articulation disorder. READ IT.
Language is made up of four sets of Rules- what are they and what are examples of them?
Pragmatics- eye contact, proximity, social cues, saying social appropriate things.
Syntax- how the words are combined to be grammatically correct.
Semantic- use of vocabulary
Phonology- sounds of the english language and cominations.
Phonology definition: The study of ______ ______, sound ______, and the ______ used to create _____ with those _______.
Speech sounds, patterns, rules,words, sounds.
Phonetics definition: The study of _______ _______, their production and ______ _______, and the ______ _______ used to represent their production.
speech sounds, acoustic properties, written symbols.
Articulation definition:
Actions of the organs using speech.
Phoneme-
smallest unit of sound that affects the meaning- 46 total in english.
How many phonemes in the English Language?
46
Allophone-
recognizable variation of the phoneme. is unaspirated p= vs aspirted ph- doesn’t change the meaning of the word.
Distinctive features- ______ individual _____
Distinguish individual phonemes. There are various classification systems: see book. is voiced/voiceless, nasal, dental.. more
Phonological process- defintion: _______ used by children to ______ _______ when _______ to produce adult words.
Technique used by children to simplify speech when attempting to produce adult words.
This is natural, developmental and grown out of.
Consonants:
produced through partial or complete constriction of the articulators. (place, manner, voicing).
Place of Articulation
The point in the vocal tract where articulators obstruct outgoing breath stream.
labial, dental, alveolar, palatal, velar, glottal, back, central, front.
Manner for Consonants- definition, 6 manners
Degree of constriction of the vocal tract and direction of air flow in a sound production.
ie
stops,nasal, fricatives,affricates, liquid,glide
Stops- what are they? what phonemes?
articulators stop breath stream completely. Impounded air suddenly releases as breathy puff of air:
/p,b,t,d,k,g/
Nasals- definition and phonemes
Sounds formed from a coupling of he nasal and oral cavities. /m,n,η/
Fricatives- how and what phonemes
Articulators narrow to form channel to mouth where breach passes.
/f,v,s,z,sh,3,th/
Affricates- what are they and what phonemes
quick sequence of stop and fricative. Articulators make contact to stop breath stream, air is then released through fricative opening.
/ch,d3/
Liquid- what and phonemes
A class of sounds made with a relatively large aperture between the tongue and the roof of the mouth. /l,r/
Glide-what and what phonemes
Articulators move from one position to another. semivowels /w,j,h/
Vowel sounds
Sounds produced with the vocal tract open. All are voiced.
Simplification processes:4
Omission
Assimilation
Vowel Reduction
Syllable reduction
Omission- simplification process
Omission-leaving out phonemes in words because the word is easier to pronounce without them and their absence did not cause them to be confused with another word. (“known” /k/ and /w/ left out)
