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Rad Procedures 1 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

AP Projection

A

Central Ray (CR) entering the interior body surface in exiting the posterior body surface

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2
Q

What is defined as the path of the central ray as it exits the x-ray tube and goes through the patient to the IR

A

Projection

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3
Q

Relationship formed between the central ray in the body as the central ray passes through the entire body or body part

A

Projection

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4
Q

A perpendicular central ray enters the anterior body surface and exits the posterior body surface

A

AP projection

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5
Q

A perpendicular central ray is shown entering the posterior body surface and exiting the anterior body surface

A

Posteroanterior (PA) projection

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6
Q

AP projection can be shown

A

In the supine or dorsal recumbent body position; upright, seated, or a lateral decubitus position

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7
Q

Posteroanterior (PA) Projection illustrates the patient in a

A

Upright body position. Can also be achieved with a seated, prone (ventral recumbent), and lateral decubitous position

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8
Q

Perpendicular CR enters lateral surface and exits opposite lateral surface of part/body

A

Lateral

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9
Q

Perpendicular CR enters anterior surface and exits posterior surface of rotated (oblique) part/body

A

AP oblique

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10
Q

Perpendicular CR enters posterior surface and exits anterior surface of rotated (oblique) parts/body

A

PA Oblique

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11
Q

CR is angled longitudinally more than 10 degrees

A

Axial

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12
Q

Angled CR enters anterior surface and exits posterior surface of part/body

  • Specific CR angle amount and direction required *
A

AP axial

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13
Q

Angled CR enters posterior surface and exit anterior surface of part/body 

  • specific CR angle amount and direction required *
A

PA axial

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14
Q

Angle CR enters posterior surface and exits anterior of rotated (oblique) part/body

A

AP axial oblique

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15
Q

Angle CR enters posterior surface and exit anterior surface of rotated (oblique) part/body

A

PA axial oblique

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16
Q

Associated positions are: supine, upright (facing X-ray tubes), lateral decubitus, extremity position with coronal plane parallel to IR

A

AP

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17
Q

Associated positions are: Prone, upright (facing IR/bucky), lateral decubitus, extremity positioned with coronal plane parallel to IR

A

PA

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18
Q

Associated positions are: Left lateral, right lateral, dorsal or ventral decubitus, extremity positioned with coronal planes perpendicular to IR

A

Lateral

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19
Q

Left posterior oblique (LPO), Right posterior oblique (RPO), Extremity positioned with coronal plane rotated in relation to IR

A

AP oblique

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20
Q

Left anterior oblique (LAO), Right anterior oblique (RAO), Extremity position with coronal plane rotated in relation to IR

A

PA oblique

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21
Q

Associated positions: Any position

A

Axial

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22
Q

Associated positions: Supine and upright (facing x-ray tubes)

A

AP axial

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23
Q

Associated positions: Prone and upright (facing IR/Bucky)

A

PA axial

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24
Q

LPO or RPO position

A

AP axial oblique

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25
Q

LPO

A

Left posterior oblique

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26
Q

RPO

A

Right posterior oblique

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27
Q

LAO

A

Left anterior oblique

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28
Q

RAO

A

Right anterior oblique

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29
Q

LAO or RAO Position

A

PA axial oblique

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30
Q

Refers to all projections in which the longitudinal angulation between the central ray and the long axis of the body part is 10° or more

A

Axial

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31
Q

Longitudinal angulation of the central ray with the long axis of the body or a specific body part

A

Axial projection

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32
Q

Central ray is directed toward the outer margin of a curved body surface to profile a body part just under the surface and projected it free of super imposition

A

Tangental projection

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33
Q

Formed between the central ray in the entire body or body part

A

Tangental projection

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34
Q

A perpendicular central ray enters one side of the body or body part, passes transversely along the coronal plane, and exits the opposite side

A

Lateral projection

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35
Q

Can enter from either side of the body or body part as needed for the examination

A

Lateral projection

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36
Q

A left lateral position or right lateral position specifies the

A

Side of the body closest to the IR and corresponds with the side exited by the central ray

37
Q

For a right lateral position, the central ray enters

A

The left side of the body and exits the right side

38
Q

During an oblique projection the central ray enters the body or body part from

A

A side angle following an oblique plane. May enter from either side of the body and from anterior or posterior surfaces 

39
Q

If the central ray enters the anterior surface and exits the opposite posterior surface it is an

A

AP oblique projection

40
Q

If the central ray enters the posterior surface and exits anteriorly it is a

A

PA oblique projection

41
Q

Most oblique projections are achieved by Rotating the patient with the central ray

A

Perpendicular to the IR

42
Q

A right posterior oblique (RPO) Position places the 

A

Right posterior surface of the body closest to the IR and corresponds with an AP oblique projection exiting through the same side

43
Q

Projections may be defined by

A

Entrance and exit points and by the central ray relationship to the body at the same time

44
Q

PA axial projection

A

Central ray enters the posterior body surface and exits the anterior body surface following an axial or angled trajectory relative to the entire body or body part

45
Q

What is defined as the common variations in the shape of the human body

A

Body habitus

46
Q

What are some of the organs affected by body habitus

A

Heart, lungs, diaphragm, stomach, colon, gallbladder

47
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

Forward or front part of the body or organ

48
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

Back part of body or organ

49
Q

Caudad

A

Parts away from the head of the body

50
Q

Cephalad

A

Parts toward the head

51
Q

Projection should be related to the

A

X-ray tube

52
Q

Path of the central ray as it exits x-ray tube and goes through patient to IR

A

Projection

53
Q

Most are defined by entrance and exit points in the body and based on anatomic position

A

Projection

54
Q

CR enters from a side angle

Entrance and exit surfaces still specified

A

Oblique

55
Q

Erect or vertical

A

Upright

56
Q

Upright, but sitting on a stool

A

Seated

57
Q

Lying down in any position

A

Recumbent

58
Q

Lying face down

A

Prone

59
Q

Supine with the head lower than the feet

A

Trendelenburg position

60
Q

Supine with the head elevated

A

Fowler position 

61
Q

Recumbent with patient lying on left anterior side with left leg extended and right knee and thigh partially flexed 

A

Sims’ position

62
Q

Recumbent position with a horizontal CR

Named according to the body surface on which the patient is lying

A

Decubitus position

63
Q

Upright position in which the patient is leaning backwards

A

Lordotic Position

64
Q

Body is rotated so that the coronal plate is not parallel with the table or IR

A

Oblique position

65
Q

Named according to the side and surface of body closer to the table or IR

A

Oblique position

66
Q

Describes the body part as seen by the IR

A

View

67
Q

PA projection of chest is what type of view

A

AP view

68
Q

RPO

A

Right posterior oblique

69
Q

What position places the right posterior surface of the body closest to the IR and corresponds with an AP oblique projection exiting through the same side? 

A

RPO (right posterior oblique)

70
Q

Most common: Chest X-ray procedure

A

PA & Left lateral (we need two different images so that we have 2 radiographs 90° from each other to see all of chest anatomy)

71
Q

Left lateral

A

It will position the heart closer to the IR and decreasing magnification of the heart 

72
Q

What does fluid in the lungs on X-ray look like?

A

Sinks to bottom of lungs; settles at the costophrenic angles and it will make angles look blunted

73
Q

If the patient has free air in lungs

A

Free air rises to the top of lungs

74
Q

If patient is lying down with fluid in lungs, what happens to the fluid

A

Spreads throughout lungs and we won’t be able to see it

75
Q

Why do we use 72 inch SID

A

Decrease magnification of heart

76
Q

Is chest X-ray going to be done on inspiration or expiration?

A

Inspiration

77
Q

Decubitus

A

When pt is laying on left or right side and we use a horizontal beam

78
Q

Where would the lead shield on PA exam be?

A

Behind the patient covering their behind

79
Q

Where would the lead shield go on a patient getting a left lateral?

A

Covering their right hip

80
Q

Exposures are usually made after the ___ deep inspiration

A

Second

81
Q

For PA chest, top of IP should be ____ above relaxed shoulders to get apices of lungs in image

A

1 1/2 to 2 inches

82
Q

Center point for PA chest is

A

T7 - tip of scapula

83
Q

Sternolclavicular joints

A
  • where heads of clavicles meet sternum

* where you will check for rotation; you want equal distance from spinous process of the spine

84
Q

Scapula

A

•needs to be out of the lung field on chest X-ray

85
Q

Costophrenic angle

A
  • sharp means no blood or fluid in lungs

* rounded means blood or fluid in lungs

86
Q

Left lateral chest X-ray is routinely used to minimize magnification of the __

A

Heart

87
Q

Lateral chest X-ray position

A
  • MSP (mid sagittal plane) parallel: MCP (midcoronal plane) perpendicular to IR
  • shoulder in contact with grid
  • extended arms over head, flex elbows, rest for arms on head
  • provide IV stand for patients to hold
  • make sure patient is not leaning sideways or bending forward
88
Q

Lateral chest X-ray

A
  • CR directed perpendicular to IP; enters patient on MCP at level T7
  • exposure made at end of second deep inspiration

Rad Procedures 1 (1 decks)

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