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Biostatistics Lab > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Refers to the science dealing with the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of numerical data.

A

Statistics

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2
Q

Refers to the application of statistical methods to the life sciences like biology, medicine, and public health

A

Biostatistics

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3
Q

Is a set of data or a mass of observation, like public health

A

Plural “statistics”

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4
Q

Is the body of methods or techniques for the organization and analysis of collected information

A

Singular “statistics”

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5
Q

Data on vital events as to the number of birth, death, and marriages

A

Vital statistics

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6
Q

Bookkeeping of humanity

A

Vital statistics

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7
Q

6 special uses of vital statistics

A
  1. Accidents
  2. Suicides
  3. Communicable disease control
  4. Maternal and infant mortality
  5. Occupation statistics
  6. Value of periodic medical exam
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8
Q

3 important uses of vital statistics

A
  1. Legal use
  2. Source material
  3. Health units
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9
Q

Example of legal use (vital stat)

A

Birth registration

Death registration

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10
Q

Where is birth registration legally needed?

A
  • school entrance
  • employment
  • securing drivers license
  • marriage license
  • to enter military service
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11
Q

Where is death registration used legally?

A

In claiming life insurance upon the death of the benefactor

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12
Q

Example of Source material (vital stat)

A

Logbook where data is written

It contains data on birth and death registration for mortality and natality statistics

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13
Q

Example of Health units (vital stat)

A

Refers to the health workers who take part in the administration of gov’t health programs

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14
Q

As the health units:

A
  • it guides epidemiology in combat of disease
  • sanitarians see to it that portable H2O supply is given to the public to minimize typhoid fever
  • health workers attain the needs of the people by giving proper care and treatment
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15
Q

Keeps information pertains to health

A

Health statistics

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16
Q

Covers a wide variety of numeric information including data on morbidity, hospitality, and clinic statistics, as well as service statistics

A

Health statistics

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17
Q

The bookkeeping of public health because it keeps records on data of clinics, hospitals, and treatment

A

Health statistics

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18
Q

The application of health statistics to public health data are as follows: (7)

A
  1. Nutrition
  2. Sanitation
  3. Industrial hygiene
  4. Dentistry
  5. Laboratory
  6. Epidemiology
  7. Maternal child hygiene
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19
Q

Uses different methods of statistics to summarize and present data in narrative from

A

Descriptive Statistics

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20
Q

Example of descriptive statistics

A
  • methods of tabulation
  • graphical presentation
  • computation of averages
  • measures of variability
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21
Q

Uses generalization and conclusions about target population w/c is based on results from a sample

A

Inferential statistics

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22
Q

Example of inferential statistics

A

Experimental method

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23
Q

The tendency of measurable characteristics to change from one individual or setting within the same individual or setting

A

Phenomena of variation

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24
Q

Example of phenomena variation

A

Persons blood pressure

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25
Methods of tabulation
Descriptive statistics
26
Graphical presentation
Descriptive statistics
27
Computation of averages
Descriptive statistics
28
Measures of variability
Descriptive statistics
29
Experimental method
Inferential statistics
30
2 types of variable:
1. Qualitative | 2. Quantitative
31
Categorical variable allow for classification of individuals based on attributes and characteristics
Qualitative
32
Deals with numerical data Indicates a quantity or amount
Quantitative
33
2 types of variables (in terms of research)
1. Constant | 2. Independent/ dependent variable
34
Values remain the same from time to time
Constant
35
Example: - minutes per hour - numbers of days a week
Constant
36
Measured according to quantity or values and are expressed numerically
Independent/dependent variable
37
Example: - birth weight - hospital bed capacity - arm circumference - population size
Independent/dependent variable
38
Types of independent/dependent variable
1. Discrete Variable | 2. Continuous Variable
39
Variable w/c can assume only integral values or whole numbers
Discrete variables
40
No decimal
Discrete variables
41
Example: | - 1560 books
Discrete variables
42
Variables w/c can attain values in terms of fraction or decimal
Continuous variable
43
5.5kg birth weight
Continuous variable
44
11.2cm arm circumference
Continuous variable
45
Levels of measurement
1. Nominal 2. Ordinal 3. Interval 4. Ratio
46
Numbers or symbols used to classify an object, person, or characteristic into categories
Nominal
47
Example: | - a collection of yes, no, and undecided responses to a medical survey question
Nominal
48
Data arranged in some order but differences between data values cannot be determined
Ordinal
49
Ranking order
Ordinal
50
Example: | - size of t shirt
Ordinal
51
Example: | - socio economic status
Ordinal
52
Example: | - 10 urine samples, 6 were rated normal, 4 pathological
Ordinal
53
Characterized by a common and constant unit and measurement
Interval
54
The distance between any two numbers on the scale are known sizes
Interval
55
Example | - temp. 15°C and 35°C
Interval
56
Has true point wherein the number zero indicates the absence of the characteristics under consideration
Ratio
57
Example: | - height in meters
Ration
58
Example: | - Weight in kilograms
Ratio
59
2 sources of data collection
1. Primary data | 2. Secondary data
60
Obtained firsthand by the investigator from first-hand sources
Primary data
61
Example: - thesis and dissertations - interview and questionnaire - letters, diaries, and autobiographies - experimentation - journal and newspaper
Primary data
62
Are finished products taken from raw materials
Secondary data
63
Data w/c are already existing
Secondary data
64
Example: - data obtained from the registry of cases of hospitals - documentation material - book of factual information i.e. textbooks
Secondary data
65
Role of biostatistician:
1. Formulate scientific question to be investigated 2. Designs an experiment that answers the postulate question 3. Collect data 4. Analyze and interpret data
66
Methodological research:
1. Statistical techniques 2. High speed of computing 3. Geographical patterns of disease 4. Clinical trials 5. Data analysis in epidemiology studies

Biostatistics Lab (1 decks)

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