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ETHICS > MODULE 1 > Flashcards

MODULE 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What controls individual morality?

A

Conscience

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2
Q

Action to benefit others is defined as:

A

Beneficence

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3
Q
  • Free to choose and implement one’s own decision
  • “self governance”
A

Autonomy/ Self Determination

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4
Q

Principle of truth telling

A

Veracity

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5
Q

A RT is is truthful to a patient during treatment.

A

Veracity

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6
Q

belief, principle, and values
personal thinking of right or wrong

A

Moral

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7
Q

What is the first thing that should be done when addressing ethical issues in a health care unit?

A

Identify the problem

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8
Q

T/F
Ethics apply to specific group.

A

T

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9
Q

T/F
Ethics control a group from within

A

T

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10
Q

T/F
Morals apply to individuals.

A

T

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11
Q

Law sanctions are:

A

fine, prison

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12
Q

Enabling source of Ethics, Law, & Morals

A

Ethics - Codes of Ethics
Law - Legislation
Morals - Religious Writing

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13
Q

Types of Values :

A

Goal or Terminal Values
Instrumental Values

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14
Q

End state we want to achieve in life
Aim or major purpose in life

A

Goal or Terminal Values

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15
Q

Behavior you choose to help attain the goal
Ex. ambitious, honest, sincere

A

Instrumental Values

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16
Q

Articulated statement of role morality as seen by the members of a profession.

A

Code of Ethics

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17
Q

What are the two groups that ethical values is divided into?

A

Atheistic system & Theistic system

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18
Q

What are the two groups that ETHICAL THEORIES is divided into?

A

Teleogical Theories (Consequential)
Deontological Theories (Non-Consequential)

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19
Q

performing acts that ensure the fair distribution of healthcare services

A

Justice

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20
Q

being faithful

A

Fidelity

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21
Q

Goal: do no harm
Never perform or allow acts that may harm the patient

A

Non-maleficience

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22
Q

ability to tell right from wrong
voice in your head that guides you

A

Conscience

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23
Q

judges what is good as good and what is evil as evil

A

Correct or True Conscience

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24
Q

error is not willfully intended
“honest mistake”

A

Inculpable Conscience

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25
APPROACH no God agree rhat killing is evil but reason is justifiable
Atheistic system
26
PRINCIPLE Matter is only reality Man is free No life after death Man is accountable only to the state
Atheistic system
27
APPROACH Belief to God Everything must confirm to God's eternal plam of creation
Theistic system
28
PRINCIPLE God is the supreme ruler and creator Man has immortal soul which cannot die Man is accountable for his actions
Theistic system
29
greatest good for greatest number stresses the end result, goal, and consequences of an act as determining factor of its rightness and wrongness.
Teleological
30
stresses duty as the norm of moral actions duty oriented
Deontological
31
proposed rule Deontology by William David Ross
Ross Ethics
32
Types of Duty
Actual duty - has exceptions Prima facie duty - no exceptions, obkigations that are must always try to fullfill
33
guidelines we use to determine our action and decision making
General Ethics
34
Applies concepts of General Ethics
Applied Ethics/ Soecial Ethics
35
ethics of life involved with human examine of life, dimensions of problems which deals with life, health, and death
BioEthics
36
applied ethics designed to bring about the ethical conduct of a profession
Professional Ethics
37
Universal Principle of Biomedical Ethics:
Autonomy Informed Consent Veracity Confidentiality Fidelity Beneficence Non-maleficience Justice
38
Goal: do no harm To identify tolerable harm: principle of double effect
Non-maleficience
39
1. Action must be good or morally indifferently itself 2. Agent must intend only the good effect and not the evil effect 3. Evil effect cannot be a means to the good effect 4. There must be a proportionality between the good and the evil effects
Principle of Double Effect
40
man performs knowingly or voluntarily
Human Act
41
Elements:
Knowledge Freedom Voluntariness
42
peformed in the absence of either or all of knowledge, freedom, voluntariness
Acts of Man
43
Modifiers of Human Acts
Ignorance Fear Violence Habit
44
can be overcome by exerting some effort
Vincible
45
can hardly be removed even if extra effort is done to overcome it
Invincible
46
person keep by positive efforts in order to escape responsibility or blame
Affected
47
absence of knowledge
Ignorance
48
disturbance of mind
Fear
49
doer is in full control and acts in spite of fear > voluntarily
Acts done with fear
50
inducing him to do act in a certain predetermined manner without his full consent napilitan to do/ act > fear
Acts done out of fear
51
any physical force exerted on a person by another
Violence
52
T/F Principle: Physical action resulting from violence are involuntary by themselves
T
53
constant and easy way of doing things acquired by repitition of same act
Habit
54
T/F Principle: Habits are voluntary
T
55
Determinants of Morality
The Act Itself Motive of the Act
56
Standards of Ethics for RT is maintained by:
American Registry of Radiologic Technologists
57
- intention of the action - a wrong intention make a morally good action subjectively wrong - good action can never make a morally wrong action subjectively good
Motive of the Act
58
Guidelines:
- An evil act which is done an account of an evil motive is grievously wrong - A good act done on account of am evil motive becomes evil in itself - A good action done on account of a good purpose acquires additional merit - An evil act done on account of a good motive does not become good in itself
59
-Enhances pt worth -Protects the pt from being exploited (use in an unfair way) by others -Helps develop a mature therapeutic alliance bet. the professional and pt -Forms the basis for the steps and rules of informed consent
Importance of Autonomy in Healthcare
60
T/F Do not manipulate or make irrational persuasion; bahala ka, sige ka
T
61
T/F As a health professional, it is our responsibility in helping make autonomous choice by NOT providing the pt with information necessary to weight the risk and benefits.
F, Health professionals must PROVIDE the information to make autonomous choice
62
T/F Standing his convictions wnd stating the reason for his opinion.
T
63
derived from the principle of Autonomy
Principle of Informed Consent
64
Necessary items to disclose during Informed Consent:
1. Current medical status 2. Contemplated procedure and medication 3. Alternative procedure 4. Anticioated risks and benefits of both 5. He has right to withdraw 6. A professional opinion about alternatives
65
Violations of Veracity is NOT JUSTIFIABLE:
a. keeping mum or sileny about the truth b. lack of truth telling or half truth c. absolute lying
66
Reason why deception is NOT ACCEPTABLE:
a. interfaces directly with patient autonomy b. tolerance for lying damages the systme of healthcare deivery
67
Violations of Veracity is JUSTIFIABLE:
a. Therapeutic privileged b. Paternalistic view
68
physician may intentionally or validly NOT DISCLOSE about patient's condition because the patient is not strong enough to tolerate truth and needs more time to prepare the patient for the unpleasant truth
Therapeutic privileged
69
patients are not medically trained best for pt morale to get better by not telling the truth serves no purpose to give them bad news it is alright to tell their family
Paternalistic View
70
Effects of breach of Confidentiality:
1. Fear of disclosure, leading to a barrier between practitioner and pt 2. Has lead minors with STD to suffer
71
T/F Medical information should be disclosed to patient or whoever is in charge.
T
72
T/F Risk or danger of confidentiality is greater than that of breaking it when pt is endangered.
T
73
Roles od HCP to pt:
Facilitator Patienr advocate Counselor/Teacher Set examples of proper attitudes, knowledge, and skills to the patient
74
nature of the act
the act itself
75
intention of the action
motive of the act
76
Guidelines of Motive
- an evil act which is done on account of an evil motive is grievously wrong - a good act done on account of an evil motive becomes evil in itself - a good action done on account of a good purpose acquires additional merit - an evil act done on account of a good motive does not become good in itself

ETHICS (3 decks)

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