Module 1 Flashcards by pink popcorn

Process of production, differentiation, morphogenesis, functional maturation, proliferation & death of cellular elements of blood.

HEMATOPOIESIS

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Major site of hematopoiesis

bone marrow

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hematopoiesis occurs in what organs

bone marrow
liver
spleen
thymus
lymph nodes

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before rbc mature and be released they are called what?

precursor or progenitor cell

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before rbc mature and be released they are called what?

precursor or progenitor cell

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myeloid stem cells and normally are only produced in the bone marrow, t/f?

true

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induced by extracellular forces such as lethal, chemical, biological, or physical events

Necrosis

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after the blood cell would reach its normal lifespan, it would undergo ____

apoptosis

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signal for death of cell

apoptosis

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single progenitor cell

pluripotential stem cell

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Stochastic

Till & McCulloch Model

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Capable of self-renewal

stem cell

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maturation of one cell to another

Differentiation

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2 identical daughter cells differentiate

symmetric

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1 return to stem cell pool another differentiates or undergo apoptosis

asymmetric

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Appears in the Yolk Sac

Mesenchymal

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Appears in the Liver (Major Organ), Spleen , Kidney, Thymus, Lymph Nodes

Hepatic

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give 2 Primitive Hematopoiesis

Hepatic
Myeloid

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minimal erythropoietic activity also in the hepatic period

nucleated macrocytic RBCs

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Pre dominant hemoglobin during this phase -hepatic phase

Hemoglobin F (Fetal Hemoglobin)

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RBC volume less than 80 fl

microcytic

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Only normal site after the first 3 weeks postpartum

Bone Marrow

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Only normal site after the first 3 weeks postpartum

Bone Marrow

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Replaced the fatty reserve (Yellow Marrow or Adipocytes) in shaft of long bones

4th yr of life

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Peripheral blood/ smear should not be seen in them.

4th day of age of babies

Represents a weight of tissue at least equal to the weight of the liver that is 1300 - 1500 grams.

Adult Bone Marrow

needs are met by mitotic division of the young cells

Homoplastic Hematopoiesis

need that the young cells undergoes mitotic division as well as proliferation of the younger precursors

Heteroplastic Hematopoiesis

profound defect in the maturation of all formed elements

Dyspoiesis

Formation of blood cells outside the bone marrow

Extramedullary Hematopoiesis

Age of newborn that needs to undergo hematopoiesis

3 WEEKS

Can be found on the surface of the immune cells or the WBCs

cd 38

HLA-DR

Human Leukocyte Antigen D R Isotope

CD71

Erythroid Differentiation

CD33, CD34

Myeloid Differentiation

CD10, CD19

5-lymphoid Differentiation

Abnormal mass of tissue that forms when cells grow, divide more that normal

neoplastic cells

needed for the maturation and development of blood cells.

growth factors

maturation, differentiation, and development of the blood cells could not continue or will not be successful without

adhesion molecules

A phenomenon in which a single leukos effect 2 or more unrelated phenotypic traits

Pleiotropy

EX. OF CYTOKINES

Interleukins Lymphokines Monokines Interferons Chemokines Colony-stimulating factors

Also known as immune regulation

B-transforming growth factor

Regulator of inflammatory response

A-tumor necrosis factor

Proteins that interfere

Interferons

____ billion erythrocytes

2.5

1 billion granulocytes

1 per 1000 nucleated blood cells

REGULATION OF STEM CELL DEVELOPMENT

Granulopoiesis Erythropoiesis Megakaryopoiesis Lymphopoiesis

Parasitic Infections

eosinophils

allergic reactions

Basophils

Glycoprotein hormone

Erythropoietin

The biggest cell in bone marrow

Megakaryocyte

Nucleus is bi-lobed (headphone shape)

Eosinophils

Nucleus’ shape is a horseshoe or bean shaped

Monocyte

process in the increase in the number of nucleus in the megakaryocyte

“endomitosis

- nucleus is lobulated and segmented

neutrophil

clover-leaf appearance

basophil

Fine to highly clumped pattern

Granulocytes

Smooth or heterogeneous pattern throughout development

Lymphocytes

Lacy pattern to finer

Monocytes

From darker blue to lighter blue or pink

cytoplasm

Very distinctive dark-blue cytoplasm paler and gray-looking as it synthesize Hb

Erythrocytes

Types of Granulation

Azurophilic Secondary Granulation Tertiary Granulation

Distinctive variation in shape of cytoplasm in ff:

Leukocytes blast Megakaryocytes Mature monocytes

bone marrow is located in

the cavities of the cortical bones: trabecular bone

composed of adipocytes

Yellow Marrow

there is a replacement between the yellow marrow and red marrow. As we age, red marrow is being replaced by yellow marrow or adipocytes or fat cells.

Retrogression

covers the bone

Periosteum

_____ of body weight

3.4% to 5.9%

Network of arterioles emptying into venous sinusoids draining into central collecting vein

Vascular system

Network of arterioles emptying into venous sinusoids draining into central collecting vein

Vascular system

acts as “suckling pigs”

Erythropoietic islands

Subjacent to sinus endothelium

Megakaryocytes

Broad flat cells forming single layer along inner surface of sinuses

Endothelial cells

Large cell with single flat vacuole Secrete cytokine or GFs Regulate marrow volume

Fat cells of adipocytes

Heparinocytes or tissue basophils Normally infrequent in the bone marrow

Mast cells

Center of leukopoiesis

Reticular adventitial cells

Bone-forming cells

Osteoblasts

Bone-resorbing cells

Osteoclasts

decrease of rbcs

Anemias

decrease of wbcs

Leucopenia

(Increase of wbcs

leukocytosis

decrease of platelets

Thrombocytopenia

Used for both aspiration & core biopsy

Posterior superior iliac crest (spine) of the pelvis

Preferred for patients who can only lie supine

Anterior superior iliac crest (spine) of the pelvis

Used if the site of suspicious lesion

Spinous process of the vertebrae (L3), ribs & others

Children younger than age 2 Used only for aspiration bm collection sites:

Proximal end of tibial bone/ anterior medial surface

Examined to identify types & proportions of hematologic cells

ASPIRATE - BM ASPIRATION

Usually it is crush using sa slide or cover slip

Touch Imprint

<24 hours prior collection

Peripheral blood for CBC and blood film examination

Bony spicules placed on in between slides or coverslips creating rectangular smears

CRUSH SMEARS

1.5 mL of K3 EDTA anticoagulated marrow

CONCENTRATE SMEARS

he bone marrow has 30-70% hematopoietic cells

Normocellular

The bone marrow has few or no hematopoietic cells

Aplastic

Abnormal, often molded cell clusters (syncytia)

Metastatic tumor cells or lymphoblasts

More sharply defined margins

Myelocytic and erythrocytic cells

M:E ratio

1.5: 1 to 3.3 : 1

Increases with increase neutrophil production during INFLAMMATION

Myeloid Erythroid Ratio

Module 1 Flashcards

(97 cards)