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INFC 215 DMS > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a microorganism?

A
  1. organism too small to be seen without the aid of a microscope
  2. Relatively simple in structure and often unicellular
  3. “microbe” “germ” or “bug”
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2
Q

What are the four groups of microorganisms?

A
  1. Protozoa
  2. Fungi
  3. Bacteria
  4. Viruses
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3
Q

What are protozoa?

A
  1. Unicellular creatures that are able to move either by flagella or amoeboid motion
  2. Each cell has a nucleus and is enclosed by a plasma membrane
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4
Q

Where do protozoa live?

A
  1. Water and soil and feed on bacteria and small particles
  2. Some live in our bodies without causing any harm but few are responsible for disease
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5
Q

What causes beaver fever?

A

The protozoa giardia.

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6
Q

How does Giardia affect humans?

A

Attaches to the intestinal wall by two sucking discs resulting in diarrhea because the food cannot be broken down and absorbed properly.

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7
Q

How does Giardia move?

A

Flagella

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8
Q

Some amoebas will also invade what?

A
  1. The intestinal wall and cause diarrhea
  2. They will occasionally move into deeper tissue
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9
Q

Where are Amoebas usually picked up?

A
  1. warm countries with poor sanitation
  2. May move by extension of pseudopods and do not have flagella
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10
Q

What are fungi?

A
  1. Non photosynthetic plants
  2. Each cell has a nucleus and is enclosed by a rigid cell wall.
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11
Q

How can fungi be divided into?

A

Yeasts and molds

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12
Q

What are yeasts?

A
  1. Unicellular oval structures that reproduce by budding
  2. Used in food and beverage
  3. Look the same under the microscope
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13
Q

Are yeasts capable of causing disease?

A

Yes some yeasts are capable

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14
Q

Which yeast is the most commonly involved in disease in humans?

A

Candida

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15
Q

What are symptoms of Candida?

A
  1. Cause oral thrush
  2. Vaginal discharge
  3. Skin infections
  4. Pneumonia
  5. Death possible
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16
Q

What are molds?

A
  1. Multicellular structures that form visible clumps of growth
  2. Starts out with long tubular structures that eventually produce spores which are visible as grey, blue - green or black growth
17
Q

What are bacteria?

A
  1. Tiny unicellular organisms typically surrounded by a rigid wall
  2. Do not have organized nucleus but carry out all of the activities necessary for growth and reproduction
18
Q

Bacteria are ubiquitous, what does this mean?

A
  1. They are found just about everywhere there is moisture and nutrients.
  2. Many bacteria grow in or on humans and are an essential part of our body flora, many other cause infection
19
Q

What is an example of bacteria disease?

A
  1. Strep throat which is caused by a bacteria called streptococcus
  2. Food poisoning caused by salmonella from poultry
20
Q

What are viruses?

A

Smaller than bacterial and have simple structure

21
Q

Can Viruses grow by themselves?

A

No, they must rely on a living host cell to replicate the viral parts

22
Q

How do we treat for protozoal infections?

A

Antiprotozoal drugs

23
Q

How do we treat for fungal infections?

A

Antifungal meds

24
Q

How do we treat for bacterial infections?

A

Antibiotics

25
Q

How do we treat for viral infections?

A

Antivirals

26
Q

How are microorganisms measured?

A

Micrometers?

27
Q

What is the conversion of a micrometer to a millimeter?

A

One micrometer equals 1/1000 of a millimeter

28
Q

How big is a staphylococci bacteria found on the skin?

A

1 micrometer in diameter

29
Q

All microorganisms are smaller than what?

A

0.1 mm or 100 micrometers

30
Q

How big is a typical protozoa?

A

15-20 micrometers

31
Q

How big is a typical fungi?

A

5-10 micrometers

32
Q

How big is a typical bacteria?

A

0.3 - 5 micrometers

33
Q

How big is a typical virus?

A

0.02- 0.2 micrometers

34
Q

Bacteria can be placed into three groups based on what?

A

Shape

35
Q

What are the three shapes of bacteria?

A
  1. Cocci
  2. Rods or bacilli
  3. Spirilla
36
Q

What is a cocci?

A

Spherical or round cells

37
Q

What are rod or bacilli?

A

Rectangular shaped boxes

38
Q

What are Spirilla?

A

Curved or spiral shaped rods

INFC 215 DMS (8 decks)

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