MODULE 1 Flashcards
Cardiovascular System pt 1 (33 cards)
What are the two main nodes? And where are they?
Sinoatrial Node - wall of right atrium
Atrioventricular node - interatrial septum
What are the different vessels of the heart conduction system?
The Nodes
AV bundle
Left & Right Bundle Branches
Purkinje Fibres
What is (re)polarisation?
The muscle fibers returning to their resting state (relaxing)
What is depolarization?
Electrical activity within cardiac cells forcing them to contract
What are the stages of an electrocardiagram?
P Wave (Atrial depolarization)
Pause (atrioventricular valves close)
QRS Wave (ventricular depolarization occurs simultaneously to atrial repolarization)
Pause (semilunar valves close)
T wave (ventricular repolarization occurs)
Where does neural control of the heart come from?
Where is it delivered?
Cardiovascular centre (medullar oblongata)
Nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
What are the main characteristics of cardiocytes? (5 answers)
Striated
Branched
1-2 nuclei surrounded by glucose
Many mitochondria
Intercalated discs (gap junctions)
What system does the cardiac muscle depend on for energy (and what’s it’s formula)?
Aerobic respiration
Oxygen + fuel = energy
What is cardiac muscle rich in
Myoglobin (sorted oxygen)
Glycogen (stored glucose)
What are the 3 main types of organic fuels for cardiocytes? Bonus: what are their percentages?
Fatty Acids (60%)
Glucose (35%)
Amino Acids (5%)
What is functional syncytium?
The myocardiums ability to act as a single coordinated unit (due to gap junctions allowing ion to flow)
Name the two main layers of the pericardium. Bonus name the 3 sublayers
Fibrous Pericardium
Serous Pericardium
Parietal Layer
Pericardial cavity
Visceral Layer / epicardium
What are the 3 layers of the heart wall
Endocardium - lines the heart chambers
Myocardium - heart muscle
Epicardium - outermost layer - connects to pericardium
What are the 4 chambers of the heart and which type of blood do they carry
Left Atrium & Left Ventricle - oxygenated blood
Right Atrium & Ventricle - deoxygenated blood
Name the 4 valves of the heart
Semilunar valves - aortic & pulmonary
Atrioventricular valves - left (mitral) and right (aka bicuspid and tricuspid)
What is the medical term for a heart attack and what causes a heart attack
Myocardial infarction
Blockage of coronary vessels
Which vessels drain into the right atrium
IVC, SVC, Coronary sinus
What vessel does the right ventricle pump blood through?
What are the sub vessels that branch off
Pulmonary Trunk
Left & Right pulmonary arteries
What vessel does the left ventricle pump blood through?
What are the sub vessels that branch off?
Aorta
Left & right coronary artery
Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
How many pulmonary veins do most people have? And where do they drain
4 - 2 from each lung
They drain into the Left Atrium
What is the Trabecular Carnea
Irregular ridges of muscles in the ventricles which makes sure blood doesn’t stagnate and clot
What is the name of the hole from the foetal heart that closes over after birth
Fossa ovalis
Where is Pectinate muscle found
The atriums
What is the function of papillary muscle
An anchor point for chordae tendineae which works to open and close the heart valves
