Module 1 Flashcards
Entrance Procedure
1) Step into the lab, ensuring the door is closed behind you.
2)Always work within designated biosafety cabinets or containment areas.
Exit Procedure
1) Remove contaminated gloves first, disposing of them properly.
2) Remove the lab coat and hang it in a designated area.
3) Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water.
Donning PPE
1) Wash hands thoroughly before putting on PPE.
2) Put on lab coat, ensuring it covers your clothing completely.
3) Wear gloves, ensuring they cover your wrists.
4) Put on eye protection (safety goggles or face shield) and a face mask or respirator if required.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)
Considered the Father of Microbiology, he invented the first practical microscope and observed microorganisms like bacteria and protozoa for the first time.
Doffing PPE
1) Remove contaminated gloves following the proper removal procedure.
2) Remove eye protection.
3) Remove the lab coat and place it on the hooks.
4) wash hands thoroughly.
Robert Hooke (1635-1703)
Coined the term “cell” after observing cork cells under a microscope, laying the foundation for cell theory
Hans and Zacharias Janssen 1595
Father and son team
claimed by later writers
to have invented a
compound microscope
20X magnification
Janssen microscope
tube
Forerunner of
compound microscope
and telescope
Galileo Galilei 1609
develops an occhiolino
or compound
microscope with a
convex and a concave
lens.
Marcello Malpighi 1660
was one of the first great
microscopists
considered the father
embryology and early
histology
observed capillaries in
1660
Ernest Abbe
Developed microscope
condenser and the higher
powered oil immersion
lens 1000x
Improved the illumination
and resolution of the
microscope
Basically he improved the
“Brightfield Microscope”
to what we use today.
Theory of Spontaneous Generation
1) Aristotle (384-322 BC): Proposed the idea of spontaneous generation, suggesting that lifeless matter could transform into living organisms.
2) Francesco Redi (1626-1697): Conducted the first controlled experiment to challenge spontaneous generation using meat and flies.
3) Louis Pasteur (1822-1895): Performed definitive experiments using swan-necked flasks to disprove spontaneous generation.
TSG Failure
1) John Needham’s Experiment (1745):
Setup: Boiled broth and sealed it. Microbial growth was observed.
Issue: Contamination likely occurred during sealing, leading to a flawed conclusion.
2) Lazzaro Spallanzani’s Experiment (1768):
Setup: Boiled broth, sealed flasks, and heated them to kill existing microorganisms.
Result: No microbial growth, but critics argued that sealed flasks lacked vital air.
TSG Success
1) Francesco Redi’s Experiment (1668):
Setup: Divided meat into jars. Some were covered, and some were exposed.
Result: Maggots only appeared on the exposed meat, supporting the idea of biogenesis (life from life).
2)Louis Pasteur’s Swan-Necked Flask Experiment (1861):
Setup: Broth was placed in swan-necked flasks, preventing microorganisms from entering but allowing air.
Result: No microbial growth occurred in the broth, disproving spontaneous generation.
Germ Theory of Disease (Discovery and Application)
Discovery: Germ theory transformed medicine, explaining how diseases spread and enabling the development of vaccines and antibiotics.
Applications: Understanding germ theory led to advancements in hygiene, sterilization, and disease prevention strategies.
GTD Koch 4 steps of the relationship between microorganisms and specific disease. (Postulates)
Formulation: Developed by Robert Koch, these are a series of steps to establish the causative relationship between a microorganism and a specific disease.
Criteria:
1) The microorganism must be present in every case of the disease but absent from healthy organisms.
2) The microorganism must be isolated and grown in pure culture.
3) The cultured microorganism should cause the same disease when introduced into a healthy host.
4) The microorganism must be re-isolated from the experimentally infected host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent.
