Module 1 Flashcards
What is the nervous system made of
neurons and glial cells
what is part of the CNS
brain + spine
what are the major brain structures
cerebrum (hemispheres, brainstem and neocortex) and cerebellum
what is embodied behaviour
suggests that the brain cannot be separate from the body’s activities
what is mental emptiness and whose theory is it
Jacobson;
when under total relaxation, people felt the brain go blank
what are sensory deprivation effects and who experimented with it
Heron;
effects were extremely unpleasant and in some cases cause hallucinations
what is locked-in syndrome
condition in which a patient is awake and sensitive to the external world but cannot move or communicate
what is the minimally conscious state (MCS)?
condition which a person can display some elementary behaviours but otherwise is not conscious
what is PVS (persistent vegetative state)?
the condition in which a person is alive but unable to communicate at even the most basic levels
Ethology says that behaviour
consists of patterns in time (movements, vocalizations, thinking)
T/F animal plasticity it learned
True
most behaviours are a mix of
inherited behaviours and learned actions that are part of cultural transmission
what are the three main theories of brain and behaviour relationships
1.) mentalism
2.) dualism
3.) materialism
Who supported mentalism and what is it
Aristotle believed the brain cooled the blood and had no role in producing behaviour.
Therefore mentalism is behaviour as a function of the nonmaterial mind.
The mind controls behaviour
who supported dualism and what is it
Descartes believed that the mind interacts with the body to produce movement, working through the PINEAL GLAND where it directs the flow of fluid through the ventricles and into the muscles to move the body.
Tested for presence of a mind by the ability to use language and memory to reason.
dualism is the theory that both a nonmaterial mind and a material body contribute to behaviour.
what is the mind-body problem
difficulty explaining the interaction of a nonmaterial mind and physical brain
who supported materialism and what is it
Darwin; natural selection and heritable factors (way new species evolve and existing species change over time).
the belief that behaviour can be explained as a function of the nervous system without recourse to the mind.
What is a species
a group of organisms that can breed among themselves
what is a phenotype
set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from its genotype
what is a genotype
genetic makeup of an organism
what are epigenetics
the study of how genetics and environment shape behaviour. How the environment and other factors can change the way genes are expressed.
what are the four implications of studying brain and behaviour
1.) all animal species are related and so are their brains
2.) all species of animals are related so their behaviour must be related
3.) brain and behaviours in complex animals evolved from simpler animals brains and behaviours
4.) consciousness and other processes attributed to the mind must be the product of the nervous system
a human-like brain first developed about ___ years ago
6 million
our modern brain has been around for ___ years
200,000 years
