Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

bmsc 200 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

That you are able to utilize the biomolecular building blocks from a grapefruit to create biomolecules within your body reflects what

A

The unity of biochemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Geometric isomers emerge as a consequence of:

A

Double bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The Second Law of Thermodynamics states:

A

that there is a natural tendency towards increasing disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The bioavailability of which chemical element is most limiting to human population growth?

A

Nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A new drug is being evaluated in test tube experiments. This is called an ____ experiment.

A

In vitro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which category of biomolecules involves aggregates rather than polymers?

A

Lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the unity of biochemistry

A

all organisms use a common repertoire of building blocks to create common categories of biomolecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the common repertoires of building blocks

A

proteins
Nucleic acids
polysaccharides
lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 4 elements that make up 98% of most organisms

A

carbon
oxygen
hydrogen
nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

All known life forms are ____ based

A

Carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who figured out how to produce more food even with the nitrogen issue ?

A

Fritz Haber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why is life carbon based?

A

> Carbon is extremely versatile in terms of the number and variety of chemical bonds that it can form
It enables creation of a wide array of complex molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the “next best” candidate as a chemical foundation for life

A

Silicon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why are we carbon based rather than silicon ? 3

A

> carbon to carbon bonds are stronger (more stable)
more energy released on combustion of carbon carbon bonds
combustion products of carbon are soluble and remain active in biosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is in an aldehyde group

A

C double bonded to O and single bonded to H

C–H
II
O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a Ketone group ?

A

C double bonded to O

C = O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Whats in a carboxyl group?

A

C double bonded to an O and single bonded to an O

C = O
I
O

18
Q

what is a hydroxyl group?

A

O-H

19
Q

What’s an amino group ?

A

N - H
I
H

20
Q

What is an amido group ?

A

C - N - H
II I
O H

21
Q

what does a change in confirmation mean?

A

a flexible spatial arrangement of atoms within a molecule (can be changed without breaking covalent bonds)

used the example of a hand and how he can move his hands without breaking his bones

22
Q

what does a change in configuration mean ?

A

fixed spatial arrangement of atoms that requires breakage of covalent bonds

23
Q

what is a geometric isomer

A

they have the same chemical formula but differ in the configuration of groups with respect to a non rotating double bonds

24
Q

what does cis groups mean?

A

on the same side of the double bond

25
Q

what does trans groups mean?

A

on opposite sides of the double bond

26
Q

What is required to go from an opposite side trans to a same side cis ?

A

the breakage of a double bond

27
Q

What is a chiral carbon?

A

a carbon that has 4 different substituents attached

28
Q

What is stereospecific?

A

A reaction in which the stereochemistry of the reactants controls the outcome of the reaction

29
Q

Describe the 3 advantages of constructing biologicals as polymers

A

Simplicity - there is a single unified system to be able to produce all the proteins, to be able to break them down and make new ones
Recycling - proteins can get turned over into something new
Diversity - multiple different possibilities

30
Q

What is protein?

A

linear polymers of amino acids

31
Q

what is the purpose of protein folding?

A

to get the hydrophobic molecules away from the water

32
Q

What are nucleic acids involved in?

A

aspects of storage and utilization of genetic information

33
Q

what are lipids ? like why are they different from the others ?

A

they are aggregates of building blocks instead of defined polymers

34
Q

What do lipids do?

A

energy storage, formation of membranes, and signalling

35
Q

what are possible ways to influence the microbiota (3)

A

diet, pro and prebiotics, and fecal transplants

36
Q

What is in vitro vs in vivo

A

in vitro is glass
in vivo is in the living

37
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics ?

A

total amount of energy In the universe remains constant

38
Q

what is the second law of thermodynamics

A

the total disorder of the universe is continually increasing

39
Q

what does spontaneous mean in chemical terms ?

A

it means that something will occur without the input of energy

40
Q

What does the structure of a protein dictate?

A

its biological activity

41
Q

what dictates the structure of a protein?

A

amino acid sequence

bmsc 200 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions