module 1 Flashcards
what is concerned with “health outcomes, patterns of health determinants, and policies and interventions that link these two”
population health
what “works to track disease outbreaks, prevent illness and injuries and shed light on why some of us are more likely to suffer from poor health than others.”
public health
what is again primarily organized around a geographical area, shares the same goals with population and public health. The major difference is how to achieve those goals. The interventions and methods change based on the community being studied and served.
community health
what is the concept that every outlier (illness/disparity) can be traced back to a cause. Always starts with assessment
causality
In a broad sense, what are the Essential Public Health Services?
The 10 Essential Public Health Services provide a framework for public health to protect and promote the health of all people in all communities.
in step 1 of the community health assessment, what is being reflected on?
Review previous CHAs to identify what worked well, what processes could improve, and whether your implementation strategies have achieved objectives.
what happens during stage 1 of the community health assessment
refelct and strategize
-Examination of previous strategies, receiving feedback, reviewing data sources, establish the infrastructure, obtain leadership support, build team, identify resources.
what questions should be considered in stage 1 of the CHA?
- How has health equity been central to your previous assessment processes?
- What elements of your assessment worked well?
- What elements would you like to approach differently in this cycle?
- Did your implementation strategies achieve their intended impact? Why or why not?
- How successful were your community engagement efforts in the last cycle? Were you able to maintain community member partnerships throughout the assessment?
- How involved was the community in developing the implementation strategies?
- How effective were you in identifying and engaging all community voices?
- How effective were you in consistently sharing information with the community?
- What additional stakeholder organizations could you invite to the table?
what feedback should be found in stage 1 of the CHA
CHA findings / progress on health improvement, perceived power imbalances between partners, planned next steps, current programs resulting from the CHA, current program outcomes.
what resources should be planned for in stage 1 of the CHA?
- Staff time (existing staff or hired consultants)
- Assessment design (including scope and objectives)
- Data collection and analysis
- Facilitation of collaboration, planning and priority-setting exercises
- Data visualization technology
- Report writing, production and dissemination
- Operational expenses, including meeting supplies and communications costs
- Costs for community meetings, forums and focus groups and any associated honoraria for participants
in stage 2 of the CHA, why should engaging stakeholders be a deliberate process?
CHA developers and community stakeholders may have different ideas of what engagement looks like. To reach consensus, community stakeholders and hospital-based CHA developers work together to define their roles and responsibilities and agree upon expectations for involvement. Ensuring a shared understanding of CHA goals and expectations will facilitate collaboration.
What are examples of assets to map in stage 2 of the CHA?
Agriculture, business, community information, culture, education, environment, government, health care, housing, community, public health/safety, religion, social services, sports/rec, transportation.
What is the purpose of a consensus committee in stage 2 of the CHA?
Provides varied perspectives to guide the CHA process.
What are some identified considerations for data collection in
stage 4 of the CHA?
- What data can be contributed by your internal and external partners and stakeholders, and in what form will they transmit it to you?
- Will the collected data be new, updated from prior CHAs, or both?
- What system(s) and processes will be used to receive and integrate the data you are gathering?
- What internal and external resources are available to provide support to integrating and analyzing data?
- How do the metrics you are planning to report align with your hospital’s overall strategic dashboard or key performance indicators?
How can national data sets helpful in stage 4 of the CHA?
Helps find root cause of issues?????
How can the organization collect community—engaged primary data (step 4 CHA)?
- Community surveys: Written surveys distributed widely to the community on paper, online or via a verbal canvassing process
- Key stakeholder interviews: One-on-one conversations between trained facilitators and community stakeholders
- Focus groups: Group-based conversations of five to 10 participants led by a trained facilitator
- Town hall meetings: Communitywide meetings led by a trained facilitator.
what are the levels of the health impact pyramid from larger impact to smaller impact (bottom to top)
-socioeconomic factors
-changing the context to make individuals default decisions healthy
-long lasting, protective interventions
-clinical interventions
-counseling and education
examples of community assessment parameters
geography, population, environment, industry, education, recreation, religion, communication, transportation, public services, political organization, community development/planning, disaster programs, health statistics, social problems, health professionals, health professional organizations, communtiy services
which leading health indicators are not changing
New Cases of Diabetes
Sexually Active Females Receiving Reproductive Health Services
Obesity Among Children and Adolescents
Binge Drinking in Adults
which leading health indicators are getting worse
Oral Health Services Utilization
Adolescents with a Major Depressive Disorder within the past 12 Months
Suicide rates
This refers to the conditions in the environments where people are born, live, work, play, worship or congregate, etc. that affect a wide range of health and quality of life concerns
social determinants of health
which health model is where people pay a fee to a fund that in turn pays health care activities, that can be provided by State-owned institutions, other Government body-owned institutions, or a private institution.
bismark
which health insurance model is where the government provides health care for all its citizens through income tax payments
Beveridge
uses private-sector providers; payment comes from government-run insurance program that all citizens fund through a premium or tax
national model
