Module 1 Flashcards
Memorization
1
Q
This is a program or system software that acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware and controls the execution of programs.
A
Operating System (OS)
2
Q
True or False.
It is a goal of the operating system to execute system programs and make solving system problems easier.
A
False
(execute USER programs and make solving USER problems easier)
3
Q
True of False.
It is a goal of the operating system to make the system convenient to use
A
True
4
Q
True or False.
It is a goal of the operating system to use the computer software in an efficient manner.
A
False
(use the computer HARDWARE in an efficient manner)
5
Q
What are the components of a computer system?
A
- Computer Hardware
- Application Programs
- Users
- Operating Systems
6
Q
This component of the computer system consists of the CPU, memory, and I/O devices.
A
Computer Hardware
7
Q
This component of the computer system solves the problems of the users such as word processors, games, and business programs.
A
Application Programs
8
Q
This component of the computer system are the ones who utilize a computer or network science.
A
Users
9
Q
This component of the computer system controls and coordinates the use of the hardware among the various application programs for the various users.
A
Operating Systems
10
Q
What are the common services offered by almost all operating systems?
A
(PFJUICERS)
- Program Execution
- File System Manipulation
- Job Accounting
- User Interface
- Input/Output Operations
- Communication
- Error Detection
- Resource Allocation
- Security and Protection
11
Q
This service of the operating system allows a user to enter and receive information.
A
User Interface
(enter and receive)
12
Q
What are the different types of user interfaces?
A
- Command Line Interface
- Batch-based Interface
- Graphical User Interface
13
Q
This service of the operating system deals with its capability to load a program into memory and execute it.
A
Program Execution
(load and execute)
14
Q
This service of the operating system allows users to create, search, and delete files as programs have to be read and written in as files and directories.
A
File System Manipulation
(create, search, delete files)
15
Q
This service of the operating system deals with reading and/or writing data from I/O devices.
A
Input/Output Operations
16
Q
This service of the operating system deals with ensuring that processes executing on same or different computer systems can communicate.
A
Communication
17
Q
This service of the operating system deals with the management of different computer resources and allocates them to different application programs and users.
A
Resource Allocation
18
Q
This service of the operating system detects errors within the computer system and takes the appropriate action.
A
Error Detection
19
Q
This service of the operating system keeps track of time and resources used by tasks and users.
A
Job Accounting
20
Q
This service of the operating system serves as a mechanism for controlling accesses of processes or users to resources and as a defense of the system against internal and external attacks.
A
Security and Protection
21
Q
This serves as a mechanism for controlling accesses of processes or users to resources.
A
Protection
22
Q
This serves as a defense of the system against internal and external attacks.
A
Security
23
Q
This is the part of the OS in the memory which manages system resources.
A
Kernel
24
Q
This acts as a bridge between application and hardware.
A
Kernel
(bridge)
25
It is the first program that loads after the bootloader.
Kernel
(first program after the bootloader)
26
It is a program that loads and starts the boot time tasks and processes of an OS. It also places the OS of a computer into memory.
Bootloader
(starts boot time tasks)
(place the OS into memory)
27
What are the different types of operating systems?
(Held By The DNR)
- Batch Operating System (BOS)
- Time-Sharing Operating System (TSOS)
- Distributed Operating System (DOS)
- Network Operating System (NOS)
- Real-time Operating System (RTOS)
- Handheld Operating System (Mobile OS)
28
In this type of operating system, the user never directly interacts with the computer.
Batch Operating System (BOS)
29
In this type of operating system, every user prepares their job on an offline device and submits it to the computer operator.
Batch Operating System (BOS)
30
In this type of operating system, jobs with similar needs are batched together and run as a group to speed up.
Batch Operating System (BOS)
31
In this type of operating system, programmers leave their programs with the operator and the operator sorts the programs with similar requirements into batches.
Batch Operating System (BOS)
32
Examples of this operating system are:
Payroll Systems and Bank Statements
Batch Operating System (BOS)
33
In this type of operating system, the CPU switches jobs so that users can interact with each job while it is running, creating interactive computing.
Time-sharing Operating System (TSOS)
(interactive computing)
34
In this type of operating system, multiple jobs are executed by the CPU by switching between them frequently, so the user can receive an immediate response. Response time should be <1 second.
Time-sharing Operating System (TSOS)
(switching between)
35
In this type of operating system, each user has at least one program executing in memory.
Time-sharing Operating System (TSOS)
(has at least one program executing in memory)
36
In this type of operating system, if several jobs are ready to run at the same time, then CPU Scheduling is used.
Time-sharing Operating System (TSOS)
37
This is used if several jobs are ready to run at the same time.
CPU Scheduling
38
In this type of operating system, if processes don't fit in memory, swapping will take place.
Time-sharing Operating System (TSOS)
(swapping)
39
This takes place when processes don't fit in memory.
Swapping
40
Examples of this operating system are:
Unix, Linux, Multics, and Windows.
Time-sharing Operating System (TSOS)
41
In this type of operating system, systems use multiple central processors to serve multiple real-time applications and users. Moreover, data processing jobs are distributed among the processors.
Distributed Operating Systems (DOS)
42
In this type of operating system, the processors communicate through various communication lines. These are referred as loosely coupled systems or distributed systems. These processors vary in size and function and are referred as sites, nodes, computers.
Distributed Operating Systems (DOS)
43
Examples of this operating system are:
Telecom Network, WWW, Cloud Computing
Distributed Operating Systems (DOS)
44
This type of operating system runs on a server and provides the server the capability to manage components and networking functions.
Network Operating Systems (NOS)
45
The purpose of this type of operating system is to allow shared file and printer access among multiple computers in a network.
Network Operating Systems (NOS)
46
Examples of this operating system are:
Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Microsoft Windows Server 2008, UNIX, Linux, Mac OS X Server, Novell NetWare, and BSD/OS (Berkeley Software Design)
Network Operating Systems (NOS)
47
This type of operating system is intended to serve real-time systems/applications that process data without buffer delay.
Real-time Operating Systems (RTOS)
48
In this type of operating system, the time interval or response time to process and respond to inputs is very small.
Real-time Operating Systems (RTOS)
(response time to process)
49
These types of operating system is used when there are time requirements are very strict like missile systems, air traffic control systems, robots.
Real-time Operating Systems (RTOS)
(time requirements are very strict)
50
Examples of this type of operating systems are:
LynxOS, OSE, QNX, RTLinux, VxWorks, Windows CE
Real-time Operating Systems (RTOS)
51
This type of operating system is built exclusively for mobile devices.
Handheld Operating System (Mobile OS)
52
Examples of this type of operating system are:
Android, Symbian, iOS, BlackBerry OS and Windows Mobile.
Handheld Operating System (Mobile OS)
53
This is made up of various components such as hardware or software, and these are organized in layers.
Computer System
54
True or False.
In computer system operation, two or more CPUs, device controllers connect through common bus providing access to shared memory.
False
(ONE or more CPUs)
55
True or False.
In computer system operation, there is a concurrent execution of CPUs and devices completing for memory cycles.
True
56
True or False.
In computer system operation, I/O devices and the CPU can execute in an alternating manner.
False
(can execute CONCURRENTLY)
57
True or False.
In computer system operation, each device controller is in charge of a particular device type and has a local buffer.
True
58
True or False.
In computer system operation, CPU moves data from/to main memory to/from global buffers.
False
(moves data from/to main memory to/from LOCAL buffers)
59
True or False.
In computer system operation, I/O is from the device to local buffer of controller.
True
60
True or False.
In computer system operation, a device controller informs CPU that it has finished its operation by causing an exception.
False
(by causing an INTERRUPT)
61
This is a signal emitted by a hardware or a software when a process or an event needs immediate attention.
Interrupt
62
It alerts the processor temporarily to a high priority process requiring interruption of the current working process and then return to its previous task.
Interrupt
63
True or False.
An operating system is interrupt driven.
True
64
What are the types of interrupts?
- Hardware Interrupts
- Software Interrupts (Traps)
65
These are signals created and sent to the CPU that is caused by some action taken by a hardware device.
Hardware Interrupts
66
True or False.
A software interrupt rises due to illegal and erroneous use of instruction or data.
True
67
This occurs when an application software terminates or it requests the operating system for some service.
Software Interrupts (Traps)
68
This preserves the state by storing registers and the program counter.
Interrupt Handling
69
This type of interrupt occurs when the operating system sends signal to devices asking if they have a request.
Polling
(signal to devices asking if they have a request)
70
This type of interrupt occurs when a requesting device sends interrupt to the operating system.
Vectored Interrupt System
(requesting device)
71
__________ separates segments of code determine what should be done for each type of interrupt.
Interrupt Handling
72
_________ operation allows the OS to protect itself and other system components
Dual-mode
(user mode & kernel mode)
73
What is the mode bit for user code?
1 (one)
74
What is the mode bit for kernel code?
0 (zero)
75
Instructions designated as ________ is only executable in kernel mode.
Privileged
76
True or False.
The system call changes mode to user, return from call resets it to kernel.
False
(system call changes mode to KERNEL, return from call resets it to USER)
77
A ________ is a way for programs to interact with the OS.
System Call
78
True or False.
A computer program makes a system call when it makes a request to the OS‘s kernel.
True
79
In this type of processor system, there is one main CPU executing an instruction set.
Single-Processor System
80
This type of processor system is also known as parallel-system, multicore, or tightly-coupled systems. First appeared in servers.
Multiprocessor System
81
Most systems use a ___________ processor and ___________ processors
Single General-purpose Processor, Special-purpose
82
What are the advantages of Multiprocessor Systems?
- Increased Throughput
- Economy of Scale
- Increased Reliability
83
This advantage of multiprocessor systems states that more processors, more work done in less time.
Increased Throughput
84
This advantage of multiprocessor systems states that they cost less than multiple single-processor systems because they can share peripherals, mass storage and power supplies.
Economy of Scale
85
This advantage of multiprocessor systems states that functions can be distributed properly among several processors. Processors can pick-up tasks of other processors.
Increased Reliability
86
What are the two different types of Multiprocessor systems?
- Asymmetric Multiprocessing
- Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP)
87
In this type of multiprocessor system, each processor is assigned a specific task.
Asymmetric Multiprocessing
88
In this type of multiprocessor system, there is a boss-worker relationship.
Asymmetric Multiprocessing
89
In this type of multiprocessor system, a boss processor controls the system and the other processors either look to the boss for instructions or have predefined tasks.
Asymmetric Multiprocessing
90
This type of multiprocessor system is the most commonly used.
Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP)
91
In this type of multiprocessor system, each processor performs all tasks within the operating system.
Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP)
92
In this type of multiprocessor system, all processors are peers and no boss-worker relationship.
Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP)
93
True or False.
The difference between symmetric and asymmetric may result from either hardware or software.
True
94
True or False.
In a dual-core design with two cores on the same chip, each core has its own register set and local cache.
True
95
True or False.
Multiple chips with a single core are more efficient than multiple computing cores on a single chip.
False
(Single chip, multiple cores are more efficient than multiple chips with single cores)
96
These are defined as multiple systems working together.
Clustered Systems
97
True or False.
Clustered systems usually share storage via a storage-area network (SAN).
True
98
True or False.
Clustered systems provide a high-availability service which is unable to survive failures.
False
(high-availability service which is ABLE to survive failures)
99
This type of clustering has one machine in hot-standby mode.
Asymmetric clustering
100
This type of clustering has multiple nodes running applications.
Symmetric clustering
101
True or False.
All clusters are for high-performance computing (HPC)
False
(SOME clusters are for high-performance-computing)
102
What are the different computing environments?
- Traditional Computers
- Mobile Computing
- Distributed Systems
- Client-Server Computing
- Virtualization
- Cloud Computing
103
This type of computing environment is blurring over time.
Traditional Computers
104
True or False.
In an office environment, PCs connected to a network, terminals attached to mainframe or minicomputers providing batch and timesharing.
True
105
True or False.
Home networks used to be multi-system, then modems and are now firewalled, networked
False
(home networks used to be SINGLE system)
106
______________ refers to computing on handheld smartphones and tablet computers.
Mobile Computing
107
This computing environment is a collection of physically separate, heterogeneous computer systems networked to provide users with access to the various resources that the system maintains
Distributed System
108
_________ operating system is an operating system that provides services across the network.
Network
109
In this type of distributed system, dumb terminals were succeeded by smart PCs and many servers respond to requests by clients.
Client-Server Computing
110
In Client-Server Computing, _________ provides an interface to client to request services like database.
Compute-server
(request services)
111
In Client-Server Computing, _________ provides interface for clients to store and retrieve files.
File-server
112
True or False.
Peer-to-peer (P2P) does not distinguish clients and servers.
Instead all nodes are considered peers and may each act as either a client or a server but not both.
False
(may each act as a client, server OR BOTH.)
113
Napster and BitTorrent are examples of ________
Peer-to-peer (P2P)
114
This allows operating systems to run as applications within other operating system.
Virtualization
115
It is a member of the class software that includes emulation.
Virtualization
116
_______ is used when the source CPU type is different from the target CPU type.
Emulation
117
Virtual machine and OracleVirtualBox are examples of _________.
Virtualization
118
This type of computing delivers computing, storage and applications as a service across a network.
Cloud Computing
(as a service)
119
This type of computing is a logical extension of virtualization.
Cloud Computing
(logical extension of virtualization)
120
This type of cloud is available via the Internet.
Public Cloud
(via the internet)
121
This type of cloud run by a company for that company’s own use.
Private Cloud
(own use)
122
This type of cloud includes both public and private.
Hybrid Cloud
(both public and private)
123
This cloud computing server model has one or more applications available via the Internet.
Software as a Service (SaaS)
(Applications)
124
Microsoft 365, Dropbox, Google Workspace are examples of this cloud computing service model.
Software as a Service (SaaS)
125
This cloud computing server model has software stacks ready for application use via the Internet.
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
(software stacks)
126
Microsoft Azure, SAP are examples of this cloud computing service model.
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
127
This cloud computing server model has servers or storage available over the Internet.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
(servers or storage)
128
Oracle Cloud, IBM Cloud are examples of this cloud computing service model.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
129
___________ operating systems are released under a license where the copyright holder allows others to study, change, and distribute the software.
Open Source
130
The open-source operating system was started by ___________, which has “copyleft” GNU Public License (GPL).
Free Software Foundation (FSF)
131
This operating system was a counter to the copy protection and Digital Rights Management (DRM) movement.
Open-Source Operating System
132
GNU/Linux, BSD UNIX (including core of Mac OS X), and Sun Solaris are examples of this operating system.
Open-Source Operating System
