Module 1 Flashcards
Studies all things and the first causes or the highest principles of all things.
Philosophy
The meaning of greek word “PhiloS”
“To love”
The meaning of greek word “Sophia”
“Knowledge”
An organized, systematic body of knowledge, follows and employs certain steps and procedures
Science
Uses the philosopher’s natural capacity to think or human reason
Study of all things
Makes philosophy different from other sciences
Multidimensional or holistic
Natural Light of Reason
Enumerate the four first cause/highest principles
Principle of Identity
Principle of Noncontradiction
Principle of excluded middle
Principle of Sufficient reason
Whatever is, is. Whatever is not, is not.
Principle of Identity
It is impossible for something to and not be at the same time.
Principle of Noncontradiction
Something either is, or is not - there is no middle ground.
Principle of Excluded Middle
Everything has a reason for its existence, everyone has a reason for their own actions and decisions. Nothing exists without sufficient reason for its being and existence.
Principle of Sufficient Reason.
Enumerate the five branches of Philosophy,
Metaphysics
Ethics
Epistemology
Logic
Aesthetics
What exists; a necessary drive in every human being to know what is real.
Trying to explain what we see (appearance), if it is true or not (reality).
Metaphysics
Claims that everything we experience is water (reality), and everything else is “appearance”.
Thales
Claims that nothing we experience in the world with our five senses is real. Everything is just a form of its higher existence.
Plato
Explores the nature of moral virtue, evaluates human actions.
Insists that obedience to moral law be given a rational foundation.
Ethics
Claims that to be happy is to live a virtuous life.
Socrates
An awakening of the seeds of good deeds that lay dormant in the mind and heart of a person which can be achieved through self-knowledge
Virtue
Deals with nature, sources, limitations, and the validity of knowledge.
Addresses the reliability, extent, and kinds of knowledge; truth; language, and science/scientific knowledge.
Epistemology
Forms general ideas through the examination of particular facts, those we have attained from our experiences/senses. Probable.
“My face is clear when I have the ointment in my regime, so I’m assuming it’s the ointment that’s causing my clear skin.”
Induction
Draws conclusions from general laws or ideas in which they are understood and judged.
“My friend is with a man, who has blonde hair. My friend, alongside everyone in her family, has blonde hair. Therefore, the man must be a relative.”
Deduction
The truth of an idea must be plausible if its practical usage and consequences work.
“The ballpen is smooth because it writes smoothly, not because people say it is.”
Pragmatism
Does not provide us more knowledge/is not interested in what we know, but rather the validity and truth of what we know.
Logic
Who coined the greek term of Logic, “Logike”?
Zeno the Stoic
Who is the first philosopher to devise a logical method - “truth means the agreement of knowledge with reality”?
Logical reasoning makes us certain that our conclusions are true.
Aristotle
