Module 1

Question 1

Stimulus

Answer 1

A deviation from the normal range triggers the reed back loop. Example: nigh blood glucose, low blood pressure, low body temp

Question 2

Sensor and receptor

Answer 2

Specialized cells detect the change (beta cells in the pancreas,)

Question 3

Effector

Answer 3

Target organ or cells execute the corrective actions.

Question 4

Response

Answer 4

The body is brought back to its normal set point. Ending the corrective response and restoring balance

Question 5

Positive feedback loop

Answer 5

Amplifies a change, pushing a system further away from its normal set point. Until a specific goal is reached.

Question 6

Metabolism

Answer 6

Refers to all the chemical reactions that occur within a living organism to maintain life. There are 2 key categories

Question 7

Catabolism

Answer 7

Metabolic process that breaks down complex molecules into smaller ones releasing energy in the process, example: breakdown of carbs, fats, and proteins during digestion.

Question 8

Anabolism

Answer 8

Metabolic process that builds complex molecules from simpler ores, using energy in the process. Example: protein synthesis (building proteins from amino acids) and the formation of new tissues during growing or healing

Question 9

What does ph stand for?

Answer 9

Potential hydrogen

Question 10

Acidosis

Answer 10

A condition when blood or body fluid has a ph lower than 7.35

Question 11

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 11

Caused by accumulation of acids or loss of bicarbonate (in diabetes or kidney failure)

Question 12

Respiratory acidosis

Answer 12

Caused by inadequate co2 removal leading to carbonic acid buildup (example: respiratory disease)

Question 13

Alkalosis

Answer 13

Condition when blood or bodily fluid has ash higher than 7,45

Question 14

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer 14

Caused by loss of acids (from vomiting)

Question 15

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 15

Caused by excessive loss of co2 (from hyperventilation)

Question 16

Buffer

Answer 16

System that resist change by neutralizing excess acids or bases

Question 17

Bicarbonate buffer system

Answer 17

(Hco3.-/h2co3) the primary bitter system in the blood

Question 18

Phosphate buffer system

Answer 18

Important in intracellular fluid and urine

Question 19

Protein buffer systems

Answer 19

Use amino acids to maintain ph stability

Question 20

What is an orbital

Answer 20

Also known as energy level

Question 21

Unequal sharing of electrons creates a what

Answer 21

Dipole

Question 22

A polar covalent bond is best described as

Answer 22

Atoms sharing electrons unequally

Question 23

When an atom gives up an electron and becomes slightly more positive it is called what

Answer 23

Cation

Question 24

What type of bond is formed when electrons are given or taken?

Answer 24

Ionic bond

Question 25

Describe acidosis

Answer 25

A condition where blood or bodily fluid is lower than 7,35

Question 26

In regards to metabolism what process is responsible for building complex molecules from simpler ones?

Answer 26

Anabolism

Question 27

Describe the - role of a negative feedback loop

Answer 27

Reverse changes in the body to return to a normal state

Question 28

Give example of negative feedback loops

Answer 28

Blood glucose regulation Thermoregulation

Question 29

Example of positive feedback loop

Answer 29

Blood clotting Lactation Child birth

Question 30

During glucose regulation the pancreas releases insulin. The pancreas is acting as the what?

Answer 30

Central Center