module 1 Flashcards
(49 cards)
1
Q
system of knowledge of the natural world gained through scientific method
A
science
2
Q
it is the practical applications of what we know about nature
A
technology
3
Q
group of people with common territory, interaction, norm, culture, etc
A
society
4
Q
Modern science is a discovery
as well as an invention
A
John Heilbron, 2003
5
Q
process of scientific inquiry
A
- observation
- question
- hypothesis
- experiment
- data/analysis
- conclude
6
Q
What defines a technological tool-one historical definition-is something that takes a human’s sense or ability and augments it and makes it more powerful. So, for example, I wear contact lenses or glasses; that is a technology that enhances my human ability of vision and makes it better.
A
Mark Zuckerberg, 2014
7
Q
- the sum total of our interactions as humans, including the interactions that we engage in to figure things out and to make things
- group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations
A
society
8
Q
THE ROLES/IMPACTS OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
A
- The effect of science on society is neither entirely beneficial nor entirely detrimental
- engine of growth
- influences society and vice versa
- have the power to better the lives of poor people in developing countries
- alters the way people live, connect, communicate and transact, with profound effects on economic development
9
Q
- study of how society, politics, and culture affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how these, in turn, affect society, politics and culture
- a relatively recent discipline, originating in the 60s and 70s following Kuhn’s ________________
- result of a “sociological turn” in science studies
A
- The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962)
STS
10
Q
goals of STS
A
- confront realities
- spread awareness
- reflect knowledge
- environmental awareness
11
Q
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF ST (outline)
5
A
- ancient ages
- middle ages
- modern ages
- PH pre-spanish to post commonwealth
- present
12
Q
⮚ Transportation and navigation
⮚ Communication and Record keeping
⮚ Mass production
⮚ Security and Protection
⮚ Health and aesthetics
⮚ Engineering
⮚ Architecture
A
ANCIENT TIMES
13
Q
ancient time civilizations
A
- sumerian
- babylonian
- egyptian
- greek
- roman
- chinese
14
Q
- cuneiform
- uruk city
- great ziggurat of ur
- irrigation and dikes
- sailboat
- wheel
- plow
- roads
A
sumerian
15
Q
- ________
- wedge: triangular shaped
- Writing system
- keep records
- The Epic of Gilgamesh - ________
* 1ST true city
* Architectural work made of clay, mud, sun-baked bricks
* Symbol of power - ________
* Mountain of God
* Platforms of solid core mud brick
* Dedicated to moon god Nanna - ________
* Solved problems of flooding, water scarcity, farming, harvesting, food production - ________
* Transportation of goods - ________
* Farm work and food processes
* Mass production
* Rice mill - ________
* Dig ground
* Cultivate land for increased crop production - ________
* First roads
* For easier transportation
A
- cuneiform
- uruk city
- great ziggurat of ur
- irrigation and dikes
- sailboat
- wheel
- plow
- roads
SUMERIAN
16
Q
- founded by amorites
- hanging gardens
- code of hammurabi
- religion
A
babylonian
17
Q
- ________
* Layers upon layers of gardens
* Several species of plants - ________
* An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth
* Sets of laws on religion, agriculture, administration - ________
* Polytheists
* Gods & Goddesses – birth, sorrows, suffering, happiness, death
A
- the hanging garden
- code of hammurabi
- religion
BABYLONIAN
18
Q
- pyramids
- mummification
- papyrus
- ink
- hieroglyphics
- cosmetics
- wig
- clepsydra
A
egyptian
19
Q
- ________
* Tombs for pharaohs and queens
* Smooth angles symbolized rays of the sun - ________
* Long journey after life on earth - ________
* Safe-keeping of records that were often destroyed by raiders - ________
* Soot with different chemicals
* Record history, culture and codified laws - ________
* Holy writing
* Walls of pyramids
* Record of Egyptian’s history and culture - ________
* Health and aesthetics
* Kohl-soot & galena
* Makeup protections, holiness - ________
* protection against sunrays, lice - ________
* Water clock
* Gravity that affects flow of water from vessel to another
A
- pyramids
- mummification
- papyrus
- ink
- hieroglyphics
- cosmetics
- wig
- clepsydra
EGYPTIAN
20
Q
- alarm clock
- water mill
- odometer
- olympics
- geometry
- medicine
- hippocratic oath
- experiments
A
greek
21
Q
- ________
* Use of water or pebbles/sand that dropped into drums which creates sound - ________
* Agricultural processes - ________
* Measures distance - ________
* Religious festival in honor of Zeus - ________
* Geometric facts for deductive reasoning - ________
* Symptoms of pneumonia, epilepsy, etc. - ________
* Hippocrates - Father of Medicine - ________
* Human body
A
- alarm clock
- water mill
- odometer
- olympics
- geometry
- medicine
- hippocratic oath
- experiments
22
Q
- newspaper
- codex
- architecture
- numerals
- julian calendar
- aeolipile
- catapult
- air conditioner
A
roman
23
Q
- ________
* Acta diurna
* Gazzettes
* Government information - ________
* Bound books covered with wax then replaced with animal skin - ________
* Cathedrals, basilicas, coliseums, aqueducts, amphitheaters, houses - ________
* Roman numerals - ________
* Republican calendar - ________
* Precursor of steam engine
* Aka Hero’s engine - ________
* Medieval artillery for hurling stones, missiles
* weapon - ________
* Water from aqueducts circulated through walls to cool houses
A
- newspaper
- codex
- architecture
- numerals
- julian calendar
- aeolipile
- catapult
- air conditioner
ROMAN
24
Q
- silk
- tea
- great wall of china
- gun powder
A
chinese
25
1. ________
* Silk trade-exchange of culture, knowledge, goods
2. ________
* Wheel-based machine that shreds tea leaves intro strips
3. ________
* Control boarders of China
* Made with stone, brick, wood, etc.
4. ________
* Alchemist
* Charcoal, sulfur, potassium nitrate
* Weapon
* Fireworks
1. silk
2. tea
3. great wall of china
4. gun powder
CHINESE
26
⮚Between the fall of roman empire and beginning of renaissance
⮚Marked by massive invasions and migrations
⮚Wars were prevalent
⮚Weaponry, navigation, mass food production, farm production, health
MEDIEVAL/MIDDLE AGES
27
* _____________
* Galileo Galilei - Father of modern Science
* Astronomy
- Hans Lippershey
telescope
27
- printing press
- microscope
- telescope
- war weapons
medieval/middle ages
27
* _____________
* Wooden machine that extracted juices from fruits
* Metal impressions create exact copy
- Johan Guttenberg
printing press
28
* _____________
* For observation of small organisms
* Guided by principles used in eyeglasses
- Zacharias Janssen
microscope
28
* Offense & defense
* Cross bow, long bow
* Body armors
war weapons
29
1.
* ___________
* Heat to motion
2.
* ___________
* Heat processing liquids/foods to kill bacteria
3.
* ___________
* Invented kerosene from refining
1.
- James Watt
steam engine
2.
- Louis Pasteur
pasteurization
3.
- Samuel M. Kier
oil refinery
29
⮚ Industrialization
⮚ Increase in population
⮚ Demands more goods, faster transportation, more effective communication, developments in health and education
⮚ Transition to new manufacturing processes from 1760 to 1840
MODERN AGES/INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
30
- steam engine
- pasteurization
- oil refinery
- telephone
- mechanical calculator
- electricity
- car
- airplane
modern ages/industrial revolution
31
4.
* ___________
* communication
5.
* ___________
* Easier arithmetic calculation
6.
* ___________
* Forces in friction
* Benjamin Franklin experimentations in electricity
4.
- Alexander Graham Bell
telephone
5.
- Blaise Pascal
mechanical calculator
6.
- William Gilbert
electricity
32
7.
* ___________
* T-car model
8. airplane
7.
- Henry Ford
car
8.
* Orville & Wilbur Wright
33
⮚ vulnerable to natural disasters
philippine inventions
34
- kampilan
- baybayin
- erythromycin
- salamander amphibious tricycle
- salt lamp
- medical incubator
- mosquito ovicidal/larvicidal trap system
- e-jeepney
philippine inventions
35
1. ________
* Filipino sword
* Used by Datus and Sultans as symbol of power, wealth, status
2. ________
* Indigenous scripts of pre-colonial Phils
3. ________
* Dr. Abelardo Aguilar
* antibiotic
4. ________
* Dominic Chung
* Lamberto Armada
5. ________
* Sustainable Alternative Lighting Lamp
* _______
6. ________
* Dr. Fe Del Mundo
* Native laundry basket inside bigger one
* Hot water bottles inserted in between for warmth
7. ________
* DOST
8. ________
* Uses electricity instead of diesel
1. kampilan
2. baybayin
3. erythromycin
4. salamander amphibious tricycle
5. salt lamp
- aisa mijeno
6. medical incubator
7. mosquito ovicidal/larvicidal trap system
8. e-jeepney
36
cradles of early science
MESOAMERICA
- maya
- inca
- aztec
ASIA
- india
- china
- middle east
AFRICA
37
- Advanced understanding of astronomy into their temples and religious structures
- Predicting eclipses
- Astrological cycles in planting and harvesting
- El Castillo pyramid
- Chichen Itza situated at the location of the Sun during the spring and fall equinoxes
- 2 complicated calendar system:
tzolk'in: 260
haab: 365
- Religion rituals and cultural celebrations
mesoamerica-maya
38
- Hydraulics system with sophisticated waterways for water supply
- Weaving looms
- Glittery paints made from a mica
- hieroglyphic complex, unique signs or glyphs in the form of humans, animals, supernaturals, objects, and abstract designs
mesoamerica-maya
39
- Suspension bridges
- Quipu: Knotted ropes to
keep records
- Textile
- Inti, Sun God; Themes in metallurgy
- Roads paved with stone
- Stone buildings which are disaster-proof
- Irrigation system
- Calendar with 12 months
mesoamerica-incan
40
- Mandatory education
- Chocolates
- Antispasmodic medication
- Chinampa
- calendar
- Canoe
- Mosaic masks made of turquoise, obsidian, and green or black stone
- weapons
mesoamerica-aztec
41
- Known for manufacturing iron and in metallurgical works
- ayurveda
- Astronomy
- Mathematics
- _________: Standard measurement of length
- Mohendojaro Ruler
ASIA-INDIA
42
- Aryabhata
- ________: Place value system Approximation of π Trigonometry
- ________: defined the properties of the number zero, both as a placeholder and a decimal digit
- ________: mathematical analysis
- Aryabhatiya
- Brahmagupta
- Madhava
ASIA-INDIA
43
- Acupuncture
- Compass
- Heavenly bodies and lunar calendars
- Papermaking
ASIA-CHINA
44
- __________: Father of Optics
**Intromission Theory of Light
- __________:
** Algorithm in mathematics **Algebra from al-jabr
- __________: Father of Chemistry
- __________:
** Experimental medicine
** Clinical trial
** Contagious nature of infectious diseases
** Pharmacology
- Hasan Ibn al-Haytham
- Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi
- Jabir ibn Hayyan
- Ibn Sina
ASIA-MIDDLE EAST
45
- Geometry
Lebombo Bone
- Alchemy
Human anatomy
Pharmacology
Medicine
- Astronomy
Calendar
Solar, lunar, stellar
- Metallurgy
Iron technology
AFRICA
