Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NUR 211 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

(75 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the six Ps to check during a nursing assessment of fractures?

A

Pain, Pulse, Pallor, Paresthesia, Paralysis, Poikilothermia

Poikilothermia refers to cool skin or the inability to regulate body temperature in the affected area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are common signs of compartment syndrome?

A

Pain, Pallor, Pulselessness, Paresthesia, Paralysis, Poikilothermia

These are known as the ‘6 Ps’ and are critical indicators of compartment syndrome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fill in the blank: ________ is a type of fracture where the skin is intact.

A

Closed (simple)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the key components of fracture prevention?

A
  • Fall prevention (home safety, assistive devices)
  • Safe movement techniques
  • Protective gear (helmets, pads, seatbelts)
  • Good nutrition (calcium, vitamin D)
  • Weight-bearing exercise
  • Screen for osteoporosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the nursing interventions for managing fractures?

A
  • Immobilize the fracture (splints, traction, cast care)
  • Pain management (meds, elevation, ice)
  • Neurovascular monitoring (regular checks)
  • Elevate affected limb
  • Monitor for signs of infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What complications can arise from fractures?

A
  • Compartment syndrome
  • Fat embolism
  • Infection (osteomyelitis)
  • Delayed or nonunion
  • Neurovascular compromise
  • DVT/PE
  • Pressure ulcers
  • Post-traumatic arthritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What nutritional factors are important for fracture healing?

A
  • High protein
  • Calcium
  • Vitamin D
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

True or False: An open (compound) fracture is characterized by the bone protruding through the skin.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the types of pharmacologic therapies for fractures?

A
  • Analgesics
  • NSAIDs
  • Anticoagulants
  • Antibiotics
  • Muscle Relaxants
  • Bone Health Medications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the primary purpose of anticoagulants in fracture management?

A

Prevents blood clots during immobilization/post-op

Common anticoagulants include Enoxaparin, Heparin, Warfarin, and Apixaban.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What signs indicate a hip fracture?

A
  • Severe hip/groin pain
  • Inability to bear weight
  • Shortened and externally rotated leg
  • Swelling, bruising around hip
  • Decreased mobility/function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What factors contribute to the risk of hip fractures?

A
  • Osteoporosis
  • Falls
  • Trauma
  • Bone cancer
  • High-impact activities
  • Poor vision or balance problems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fill in the blank: The most common surgical intervention for severe scoliosis is ________.

A

Spinal Fusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are common symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?

A
  • Fatigue
  • Muscle weakness/spasticity
  • Numbness/tingling
  • Visual disturbances
  • Gait disturbances
  • Bladder/bowel dysfunction
  • Cognitive changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What diagnostic tests are used for Multiple Sclerosis?

A
  • MRI
  • Lumbar Puncture
  • Evoked Potentials
  • Blood Tests
  • Neurological Examination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the complications associated with Parkinson’s Disease?

A
  • Paralysis
  • Pressure ulcers
  • Respiratory complications
  • Bladder infections
  • Constipation
  • Depression
  • Cognitive decline
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What lifestyle changes can help manage osteoarthritis?

A
  • Regular low-impact exercise
  • Weight loss
  • Joint protection
  • Adequate calcium & vitamin D intake
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the primary goal of pharmacologic therapy for osteoarthritis?

A

Pain management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the signs of scoliosis?

A
  • Visible lateral curvature of the spine
  • Uneven shoulders or hips
  • Prominent shoulder blade
  • Back pain
  • Breathing difficulty (in severe cases)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the nursing interventions for managing scoliosis?

A
  • Monitor curve progression
  • Encourage brace compliance
  • Promote exercise and physical therapy
  • Pain management
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

True or False: The primary progressive form of Multiple Sclerosis shows relapses.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the key nursing assessments for fractures?

A
  • Pain assessment
  • Swelling and bruising
  • Limb deformity or shortening
  • Crepitus
  • Mobility/function assessment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Fill in the blank: ________ is a type of fracture caused by disease.

A

Pathologic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a common gait characteristic of Parkinson’s disease?

A

Shuffling gait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What facial expression is often associated with Parkinson's disease?
Mask-like facial expression
26
What are common speech difficulties in Parkinson's disease?
Soft or slurred speech (dysarthria)
27
What is a common swallowing difficulty in Parkinson's disease?
Dysphagia
28
What mood changes may occur in individuals with Parkinson's disease?
Depression and anxiety
29
What gastrointestinal issue is commonly seen in Parkinson's disease?
Constipation
30
What cognitive decline may occur in the later stages of Parkinson's disease?
Dementia
31
Is there a known prevention for Parkinson's disease?
No known prevention (idiopathic neurodegenerative disorder)
32
What lifestyle factors may reduce the risk or slow progression of Parkinson's disease?
Antioxidant-rich diets and exercise
33
What are some nursing interventions for Parkinson's disease?
* Fall prevention strategies * Promote mobility with physical therapy * Support with activities of daily living (ADLs) * Monitor swallowing ability * Provide high-fiber diet and fluids
34
What complication can arise from dysphagia in Parkinson's disease?
Aspiration pneumonia
35
What is the primary goal of treatment for Parkinson's disease?
Manage symptoms and slow progression
36
What are common pharmacologic therapies for Parkinson's disease?
Dopaminergic medications
37
What is a critical patient education point regarding medication for Parkinson's disease?
Take medications on schedule and avoid abrupt stopping
38
What are common causes of back pain?
* Strains * Herniated discs * Degenerative disc disease * Spinal stenosis * Injuries/trauma
39
What are some prevention strategies for back pain?
* Good posture * Regular physical activity * Proper lifting techniques * Maintain healthy weight
40
What nursing interventions are important for managing back pain?
* Pain management * Heat/cold therapy * Educate on proper posture * Encourage physical activity
41
What are potential complications of back pain?
* Chronic pain * Loss of mobility * Muscle atrophy * Cauda equina syndrome
42
What is a common treatment for herniated discs?
Physical therapy
43
What is a symptom of cervical herniation?
Pain radiating to the shoulders, arms, hands
44
What is a significant difference in symptoms between cervical and lumbar herniation?
Cervical affects upper extremities; lumbar affects lower extremities
45
What can be a cause of hypothyroidism?
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
46
What are some vital signs associated with hypothyroidism?
* Bradycardia * Hypotension
47
What is a common laboratory finding in hypothyroidism?
High TSH levels
48
What is the primary treatment for hypothyroidism?
Thyroid hormone replacement
49
What are common symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
* Tachycardia * Weight loss * Goiter * Exophthalmos
50
What is a life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism?
Thyroid storm
51
What are common treatments for hyperthyroidism?
* Antithyroid medications * Radioactive iodine therapy * Surgical thyroidectomy
52
What condition is characterized by low bone mass and increased fracture risk?
Osteoporosis
53
What are common risk factors for osteoporosis?
* Aging * Hormonal changes * Sedentary lifestyle
54
What is osteoporosis?
A condition characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increased risk of fractures. ## Footnote Commonly occurs in postmenopausal women and older adults.
55
What are common risk factors for osteoporosis?
* Aging * Hormonal changes (especially decreased estrogen in women post-menopause) * Calcium and Vitamin D deficiencies * Sedentary lifestyle * Genetics * Excessive alcohol consumption or smoking * Medications (e.g., corticosteroids) * Chronic diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) ## Footnote Family history of osteoporosis is a significant risk factor.
56
What diagnostic test is used to confirm osteoporosis?
Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Test (DEXA scan) measures bone density. ## Footnote This test is crucial for diagnosing osteoporosis.
57
What are key nursing assessments for osteoporosis?
* History: Risk factors (age, gender, family history, lifestyle) * Physical examination: Check for deformities, tenderness, height loss * Pain assessment * Functional status: Ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) ## Footnote Assessing pain related to fractures or spinal deformities is essential.
58
What are some prevention strategies for osteoporosis?
* Weight-bearing exercises (e.g., walking, weightlifting) * Adequate calcium and Vitamin D intake * Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption * Fall prevention strategies ## Footnote Calcium intake should be 1,000 mg/day for younger adults and 1,200 mg/day for older adults.
59
What are common complications of osteoporosis?
* Fractures (especially hip, spine, and wrist) * Chronic pain * Loss of independence and mobility * Deformities (e.g., kyphosis) * Pulmonary complications ## Footnote Fractures can lead to significant morbidity.
60
What is Ibandronate (Boniva) used for?
Osteoporosis treatment and prevention in postmenopausal women. ## Footnote It increases bone mass and reduces the risk of vertebral fractures.
61
What are important administration considerations for Ibandronate?
* Take on an empty stomach * Sit or stand upright for at least 30 minutes after taking * Administer IV form by a healthcare professional ## Footnote These considerations help prevent esophageal irritation.
62
What are common side effects of Ibandronate?
* Headache * Back pain * Musculoskeletal pain * Nausea * Abdominal pain ## Footnote These side effects are generally manageable.
63
What serious adverse effects can occur with Ibandronate?
* Esophageal irritation, ulcers, or bleeding * Osteonecrosis of the jaw * Hypocalcemia * Renal impairment ## Footnote Monitoring kidney function is crucial.
64
What is Methimazole used for?
Hyperthyroidism treatment, particularly in Graves' disease. ## Footnote It is also used for preoperative preparation for thyroidectomy.
65
What are common side effects of Methimazole?
* Rash * Nausea * Joint pain * Taste changes ## Footnote Side effects may vary among individuals.
66
What serious adverse effects can occur with Methimazole?
* Agranulocytosis * Liver toxicity * Thrombocytopenia * Hypothyroidism ## Footnote Regular monitoring of thyroid function tests is necessary.
67
What is Levodopa primarily used to treat?
Parkinson's disease (primary treatment for motor symptoms). ## Footnote It is also used in some cases for restless leg syndrome.
68
What are important administration considerations for Levodopa?
* Take on an empty stomach * Do not crush or chew tablets * Avoid high-protein meals ## Footnote These considerations optimize drug absorption.
69
What are common side effects of Levodopa?
* Nausea * Dizziness * Drowsiness * Dry mouth * Involuntary movements ## Footnote Monitoring for these side effects is essential.
70
What serious adverse effects can occur with Levodopa?
* Hallucinations * Neuroleptic malignant syndrome * Cardiac arrhythmias * Severe depression ## Footnote Patients should be monitored closely for these effects.
71
What are common anticholinergic drugs?
* Atropine * Benztropine * Trihexyphenidyl * Ipratropium ## Footnote These drugs are used for various conditions including Parkinson's disease.
72
What are common side effects of anticholinergics?
* Dry mouth * Constipation * Blurred vision * Urinary retention ## Footnote These side effects can impact patient quality of life.
73
What dietary supplement is used for osteoarthritis?
Glucosamine/Chondroitin. ## Footnote It supports joint health and reduces pain and inflammation.
74
What are common side effects of Glucosamine/Chondroitin?
* Gastrointestinal upset * Headache * Drowsiness ## Footnote Most side effects are mild and manageable.
75
What are contraindications for Glucosamine/Chondroitin?
* Shellfish allergy * Pregnancy * Diabetes * Bleeding disorders ## Footnote Safety during pregnancy is not well-established.

NUR 211 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions